Are plant species inherently harder to discriminate than animal species using DNA barcoding markers
Aron J. Fazekas,Prasad Kesanakurti,Kevin S. Burgess,Diana M. Percy,Sean W. Graham,Spencer C. H. Barrett,Steven G. Newmaster,Mehrdad Hajibabaei,Brian C. Husband +8 more
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TLDR
The results using common metrics demonstrate that the number of species supported as monophyletic using barcoding markers is higher in animals than plants, even after controlling for the amount of parsimony‐informative information per species.Abstract:
The ability to discriminate between species using barcoding loci has proved more difficult in plants than animals, raising the possibility that plant species boundaries are less well defined. Here, we review a selection of published barcoding data sets to compare species discrimination in plants vs. animals. Although the use of different genetic markers, analytical methods and depths of taxon sampling may complicate comparisons, our results using common metrics demonstrate that the number of species supported as monophyletic using barcoding markers is higher in animals (> 90%) than plants (~70%), even after controlling for the amount of parsimony-informative information per species. This suggests that more than a simple lack of variability limits species discrimination in plants. Both animal and plant species pairs have variable size gaps between intra- and interspecific genetic distances, but animal species tend to have larger gaps than plants, even in relatively densely sampled genera. An analysis of 12 plant genera suggests that hybridization contributes significantly to variation in genetic discontinuity in plants. Barcoding success may be improved in some plant groups by careful choice of markers and appropriate sampling; however, overall fine-scale species discrimination in plants relative to animals may be inherently more difficult because of greater levels of gene-tree paraphyly.read more
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A DNA barcode for land plants.
Peter M. Hollingsworth,Laura L. Forrest,John L. Spouge,Mehrdad Hajibabaei,Sujeevan Ratnasingham,Michelle van der Bank,Mark W. Chase,Robyn S. Cowan,David L. Erickson,Aron J. Fazekas,Sean W. Graham,Karen E. James,Ki Joong Kim,W. John Kress,Harald Schneider,Jonathan van Alphen-Stahl,Spencer C. H. Barrett,Cássio van den Berg,Diego Bogarín,Kevin S. Burgess,Kevin S. Burgess,Kenneth M. Cameron,Kenneth M. Cameron,Mark A. Carine,Juliana Chacón,Alexandra Clark,James J. Clarkson,Ferozah Conrad,Dion S. Devey,Caroline S. Ford,Terry A. Hedderson,Michelle L. Hollingsworth,Brian C. Husband,Laura J. Kelly,Laura J. Kelly,Prasad Kesanakurti,Jung Sung Kim,Young-Dong Kim,Renaud Lahaye,Hae-Lim Lee,David G. Long,Santiago Madriñán,Olivier Maurin,Isabelle Meusnier,Steven G. Newmaster,Chong-Wook Park,Diana M. Percy,Gitte Petersen,James E. Richardson,Gerardo A. Salazar,Vincent Savolainen,Vincent Savolainen,Ole Seberg,Mike J. Wilkinson,Dong-Keun Yi,Damon P. Little +55 more
TL;DR: The 2-locus combination of rbcL+matK will provide a universal framework for the routine use of DNA sequence data to identify specimens and contribute toward the discovery of overlooked species of land plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Choosing and Using a Plant DNA Barcode
TL;DR: The process of selecting and refining a plant barcode is reviewed; the factors which influence the discriminatory power of the approach are evaluated; some early applications of plant barcoding are described and summarise major emerging projects; and outline tool development that will be necessary for plant DNA barcode to advance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial DNA as a marker of molecular diversity: a reappraisal
TL;DR: It is argued that mitochondrial DNA is not always clonal, far from neutrally evolving and certainly not clock‐like, questioning its relevance as a witness of recent species and population history and the great potential of accumulating mtDNA data for evolutionary and functional analysis of the mitochondrial genome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant DNA barcoding: From gene to genome
TL;DR: A new approach is advocate that, for selected groups of taxa, combines the best use of single‐locus barcodes and super‐barcodes for efficient plant identification, and discusses the feasibility of using the chloroplast genome as a super-barcode.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA barcoding detects contamination and substitution in North American herbal products
Steven G. Newmaster,Meghan Grguric,Dhivya Shanmughanandhan,Sathishkumar Ramalingam,Subramanyam Ragupathy +4 more
TL;DR: Most of the herbal products tested were of poor quality, including considerable product substitution, contamination and use of fillers, which suggests that the herbal industry should embrace DNA barcoding for authenticating herbal products through testing of raw materials used in manufacturing products.
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