Journal ArticleDOI
Are treelines advancing? A global meta‐analysis of treeline response to climate warming
TLDR
Diffuse treelines may be more responsive to warming because they are more strongly growth limited, whereas other treeline forms may be subject to additional constraints.Abstract:
Treelines are temperature sensitive transition zones that are expected to respond to climate warming by advancing beyond their current position. Response to climate warming over the last century, however, has been mixed, with some treelines showing evidence of recruitment at higher altitudes and/or latitudes (advance) whereas others reveal no marked change in the upper limit of tree establishment. To explore this variation, we analysed a global dataset of 166 sites for which treeline dynamics had been recorded since 1900 AD. Advance was recorded at 52% of sites with only 1% reporting treeline recession. Treelines that experienced strong winter warming were more likely to have advanced, and treelines with a diffuse form were more likely to have advanced than those with an abrupt or krummholz form. Diffuse treelines may be more responsive to warming because they are more strongly growth limited, whereas other treeline forms may be subject to additional constraints.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global land change from 1982 to 2016.
Xiao-Peng Song,Matthew C. Hansen,Stephen V. Stehman,Peter Potapov,Alexandra Tyukavina,Eric Vermote,John R. Townshend +6 more
TL;DR: Satellite data for the period 1982–2016 reveal changes in land use and land cover at global and regional scales that reflect patterns of land change indicative of a human-dominated Earth system.
Journal ArticleDOI
The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people
Brett R. Scheffers,Luc De Meester,Tom C. L. Bridge,Tom C. L. Bridge,Ary A. Hoffmann,John M. Pandolfi,Richard T. Corlett,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Paul Pearce-Kelly,Kit M. Kovacs,David Dudgeon,Michela Pacifici,Carlo Rondinini,Wendy Foden,Tara G. Martin,Camilo Mora,David Bickford,James E. M. Watson,James E. M. Watson +19 more
TL;DR: The full range and scale of climate change effects on global biodiversity that have been observed in natural systems are described, and a set of core ecological processes that underpin ecosystem functioning and support services to people are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming.
Sarah C. Elmendorf,Gregory H. R. Henry,Robert D. Hollister,Robert G. Björk,Noémie Boulanger-Lapointe,Elisabeth J. Cooper,Johannes H. C. Cornelissen,Thomas A. Day,Ellen Dorrepaal,Ellen Dorrepaal,Tatiana G. Elumeeva,M.J. Gill,William A. Gould,John Harte,David S. Hik,Annika Hofgaard,D. R. Johnson,Jill F. Johnstone,Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir,Janet C. Jorgenson,Kari Klanderud,Julia A. Klein,Saewan Koh,Gaku Kudo,Mark J. Lara,Esther Lévesque,Borgthor Magnusson,Jeremy L. May,Joel A. Mercado-Díaz,Anders Michelsen,Ulf Molau,Isla H. Myers-Smith,Steven F. Oberbauer,Vladimir G. Onipchenko,Christian Rixen,Niels Martin Schmidt,Gaius R. Shaver,Marko J. Spasojevic,Póra Ellen Pórhallsdóttir,Anne Tolvanen,Tiffany G. Troxler,Craig E. Tweedie,Sandra Villareal,Carl Henrik Wahren,Xanthe J. Walker,Xanthe J. Walker,P. J. Webber,Jeffrey M. Welker,Sonja Wipf +48 more
TL;DR: In this paper, remote sensing data indicate that contemporary climate warming has already resulted in increased productivity and increased productivity in the tundra biome (Tundra Tundra Bi biome).
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change and plant regeneration from seed
TL;DR: Increased research in understudied ecosystems, on key issues related to seed ecology, and on evolution of seed traits in nonweedy species is needed to more fully comprehend and plan for plant responses to global warming.
Journal ArticleDOI
A climatic basis for microrefugia: the influence of terrain on climate
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the climatic basis for microrefugia and assert that the interaction between regional advective influences and local terrain influences will define the distribution and nature of micro refugia.
References
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TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
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The use of ‘altitude’ in ecological research
TL;DR: There are two categories of environmental changes with altitude: those physically tied to meters above sea level, such as atmospheric pressure, temperature and clear-sky turbidity; and those that are not generally altitude specific, suchAs moisture, hours of sunshine, wind, season length, geology and even human land use.
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Journal ArticleDOI