Bifurcation of Arabidopsis NLR Immune Signaling via Ca2+-Dependent Protein Kinases
Xiquan Gao,Xin Chen,Wenwei Lin,Sixue Chen,Dongping Lu,Yajie Niu,Lei Li,Cheng Cheng,Matthew McCormack,Jenq-Yunn Sheen,Libo Shan,Ping He +11 more
TLDR
Functional genomic and biochemical genetic screens identified six closely related Arabidopsis Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) in mediating bifurcate immune responses activated by NLR proteins, RPS2 and RPM1, and delineate b ifurcation of complex signaling mechanisms downstream of NLR immune sensors mediated by the myriad action of CPKs with distinct substrate specificity and subcellular dynamics.Abstract:
Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein complexes sense infections and trigger robust immune responses in plants and humans. Activation of plant NLR resistance (R) proteins by pathogen effectors launches convergent immune responses, including programmed cell death (PCD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and transcriptional reprogramming with elusive mechanisms. Functional genomic and biochemical genetic screens identified six closely related Arabidopsis Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) in mediating bifurcate immune responses activated by NLR proteins, RPS2 and RPM1. The dynamics of differential CPK1/2 activation by pathogen effectors controls the onset of cell death. Sustained CPK4/5/6/11 activation directly phosphorylates a specific subgroup of WRKY transcription factors, WRKY8/28/48, to synergistically regulate transcriptional reprogramming crucial for NLR-dependent restriction of pathogen growth, whereas CPK1/2/4/11 phosphorylate plasma membrane-resident NADPH oxidases for ROS production. Our studies delineate bifurcation of complex signaling mechanisms downstream of NLR immune sensors mediated by the myriad action of CPKs with distinct substrate specificity and subcellular dynamics.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effector-Triggered Immunity: From Pathogen Perception to Robust Defense
TL;DR: In plant innate immunity, effector-triggered immunity displays remarkable robustness against pathogen disturbance, in part by employing compensatory mechanisms within the defense network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of pattern recognition receptor signalling in plants.
Daniel Couto,Cyril Zipfel +1 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms that fine-tune immune signalling to maintain immune homeostasis are described and how the innate ability of plant cells to monitor the integrity of key immune components can lead to autoimmune phenotypes following genetic or pathogen-induced perturbations of these components are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct regulation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by the PRR-associated kinase BIK1 during plant immunity.
Yasuhiro Kadota,Jan Sklenar,Paul Derbyshire,Lena Stransfeld,Shuta Asai,Vardis Ntoukakis,Jonathan D. G. Jones,Ken Shirasu,Frank L.H. Menke,Alexandra M. E. Jones,Cyril Zipfel +10 more
TL;DR: This study reveals a rapid regulatory mechanism of a plant RBOH, which occurs in parallel with and is essential for its paradigmatic calcium-based regulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The FLS2-associated kinase BIK1 directly phosphorylates the NADPH oxidase RbohD to control plant immunity.
Lei Li,Meng Li,Liping Yu,Zhaoyang Zhou,Xiangxiu Liang,Zixu Liu,Gaihong Cai,Liyan Gao,Xiaojuan Zhang,Yingchun Wang,She Chen,Jianmin Zhou +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1, a component of the FLS2 immune receptor complex, not only positively regulates flg22-triggered calcium influx but also directly phosphorylates the NADPH oxidase RbohD at specific sites in a calcium-independent manner to enhance ROS generation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pattern-recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity
Minhang Yuan,Zeyu Jiang,Guozhi Bi,Kinya Nomura,Menghui Liu,Yiping Wang,Boying Cai,Jianmin Zhou,Sheng Yang He,Sheng Yang He,Sheng Yang He,Xiu Fang Xin +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the production of reactive oxygen species by the NADPH oxidase RBOHD is a critical early signalling event connecting pattern-triggered immunity and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) mediated immunity.
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