Showing papers in "Immunity in 1998"

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MyD88 is a critical component in the signaling cascade that is mediated by IL-1 receptor as well as IL-18 receptor, and increases in interferon-gamma production and natural killer cell activity in response to IL- 18 are abrogated.

TL;DR: Much of the CD8 T cell expansion seen during viral infection represents antigen-specific cells and warrants a revision of current thinking on the size of the antiviral response.

TL;DR: I would like to thank Bob Coffman, Thierry von der Weid, Nancy Hosken, Amy Beebe, Steve Hurst, and Douglas Robinson for useful suggestions and discussion and Lewis Lanier for critical reviewing of the mansucript.

TL;DR: IL-15Ralpha has pleiotropic roles in immune development and function, including the positive maintenance of lymphocyte homeostasis, and is generated in mice deficient in natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and TCRgammadelta intraepithelial lymphocytes.

TL;DR: It is shown here that, unlike IL-2, IL-15 closely mimics the effects of IFN I in causing strong and selective stimulation of memory-phenotype CD44hi CD8+ (but not CD4+) cells in vivo; similar specificity applies to purified T cells in vitro and correlates with much higher expression of IL- 2Rbeta onCD8+ cells than on CD4+ cells.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that Caspase 8 plays a necessary and nonredundant role in death induction by several receptors of the TNF/NGF family and serves a vital role in embryonal development.

TL;DR: A substantial fraction of plasma cells can survive and continue to secrete antibody for extended periods of time in the absence of any detectable memory B cells, demonstrating a new mechanism by which humoral immunity is maintained.

TL;DR: Sensitivity to TNFalpha-mediated cell death in rip-/- cells is accompanied by a failure to activate the transcription factor NF-kappaB, and the physiologic role(s) that RIP plays in regulating apoptosis in vivo is defined.

TL;DR: Using a fractionation scheme that preserves tyrosine phosphorylation, it is shown that T cell activation leads to a striking compartmentation in the rafts of activated T cell receptor and associated signal-transducing molecules.

TL;DR: The in vivo role of IL-18 and IL-12 in NK activity, as well as in in vivo Th1 response is demonstrated, demonstrating the important role of both IL- 18 andIL-12 as cytokine secreted from activated macrophages and induces IFNgamma production.

TL;DR: The findings explain in quantitative terms the essential requirement for professional APCs in T cell priming and show that the duration of antigenic stimulation is the major factor determining the fate of naive and effector T cells.

TL;DR: Examining gene expression in discrete generations of dividing cells reveals a novel mechanism governing Th cell fate that initially integrates proliferative and differentiative signals and subsequently maintains stability of the differentiated state.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that human LAT is palmitoylated and that palMIToylated LAT predominantly localizes into glycolipid-enriched microdomains (GEMs).

TL;DR: Analysis of the effect of the monospecific TCR-transgenic T cells on the host response to three LCMV epitopes suggests that CTL precursors compete for sites on the APC in an epitope-specific fashion and that this competition determines the specificity of the response.

TL;DR: GATA-3 expression and IL-12 signaling are mutually antagonistic, which facilitates rapid dominance of one pathway during early Th development, producing a stable divergence in cytokine profiles.

TL;DR: It is proposed that EBV indiscriminately infects B cells in mucosal lymphoid tissue and that these cells differentiate to become resting memory B cells that then enter the circulation and persist by exploiting the mechanisms that produce and maintain long-term B cell memory.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that HVEM binds two cellular ligands, secreted lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha) and LIGHT, a new member of the TNF superfamily, which characterizes herpesvirus gD as a membrane-bound viokine and establishes LIGHT-HVEM as integral components of the lymphot toxin cytokine-receptor system.

TL;DR: The LTbetaR proves pivotal for the ontogeny of the secondary lymphoid tissues and affinity maturation is dependent on LT alpha1beta2 rather than on LTalpha3, and is suggested that the LT betaR integrates signals from other TNF family members.

TL;DR: Virus-specific CD8+ effector T cells are enriched in the lungs of mice with primary influenza pneumonia, though later detection of memory T cells (mCTL) in the mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) or spleen by peptide-based staining protocols is at the limits of flow cytometric analysis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that T cell differentiation results in long-range changes in the chromatin structure of effector cytokine genes, which persist in resting Th1 and Th2 cells in the absence of further stimulation.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Stat6 signaling is not required for IL-4 enhancement of IgG1 production and actually inhibits IL- 4-induction of mucosal mastocytosis, and IL-13 may be more important thanIL-4 as an inducer of the Stat6 signaled signaling that leads to worm expulsion.

TL;DR: The ability of IL-2 to enhance expression of a pro-apoptotic molecule, FasL, and to suppress an inhibitor of Fas signaling, FLIP, likely accounts for the role of this cytokine in potentiating T cell apoptosis.

TL;DR: LMP2A expression results in the bypass of normal B lymphocyte developmental checkpoints allowing immunoglobulin-negative cells to colonize peripheral lymphoid organs, indicating that LMP2a possesses a constitutive signaling activity in nontransformed cells.

TL;DR: It is conceivable that in a less polymorphic era, when adaptive immune response was but a distant gleam in the evolutionary eye, the interaction of HSPs with macrophage-like cells, leading to stimulation of the macrophages to secrete IL-1 and other messengers, was the primary “innate” defense mechanism.

TL;DR: While T cell activation requires antigen presentation, the timing and extent of T cell expansion appear to be regulated in a coordinated fashion independent of antigen quantity and stability.

TL;DR: A novel B cell linker protein is described that interfaces the B cell receptor-associated Syk tyrosine kinase with PLCgamma, the Vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor, and the Grb2 and Nck adapter proteins and may regulate the biologic outcomes of B cell function and development.

TL;DR: The results provide a molecular basis for the assembly of NK cell receptors for MHC class I involved in cellular activation and inhibition.

TL;DR: The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a human X-linked immunodeficiency resulting from mutations in a gene (WASP) encoding a cytoplasmic protein implicated in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, and WASP function is implicated in receptor signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization in T and B cells.

TL;DR: To study how signaling and antigen presentation through BCR depend on antigen/BCR affinity, lysozyme-specific B cell transfectants were challenged with mutated lysozymes differing in their binding kinetics, supporting the idea of a ceiling to affinity maturation.

TL;DR: The addition of exogenous IFNgamma during differentiation restores IL-12-mediated Th1 polarization in the JNK2-deficient mice and plays an important role in the balance of Th1 and Th2 immune responses.