Cognitive Disorders and Dementia in CKD: The Neglected Kidney-Brain Axis
Jean-Marc Bugnicourt,Olivier Godefroy,Jean-Marc Chillon,Jean-Marc Chillon,Gabriel Choukroun,Ziad A. Massy,Ziad A. Massy +6 more
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TLDR
The prevalence and characteristics of cognitive disorders and dementia in patients with CKD, brain imaging findings, and traditional and nontraditional risk factors are discussed.Abstract:
Epidemiologic data suggest that individuals at all stages of CKD have a higher risk of developing cognitive disorders and dementia. This risk is generally explained by the high prevalence of both symptomatic and subclinical ischemic cerebrovascular lesions. However, other potential mechanisms, including direct neuronal injury by uremic toxins, could also be involved, especially in the absence of obvious cerebrovascular disease. We discuss the prevalence and characteristics of cognitive disorders and dementia in patients with CKD, brain imaging findings, and traditional and nontraditional risk factors. Understanding the pathophysiologic interactions between renal impairment and brain function is important in order to minimize the risk for future cognitive impairment.read more
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Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
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TL;DR: Elderly people with silent brain infarcts have an increased risk of dementia and a steeper decline in cognitive function than those without such lesions.
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Denis A. Evans,H. Harris Funkenstein,Marilyn S. Albert,Paul A. Scherr,Nancy R. Cook,Marilyn J. Chown,Liesi E. Hebert,Charles H. Hennekens,James Taylor +8 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease is a common condition and that its public health impact will continue to increase with increasing longevity of the population.