Compartmentalization of GABAergic Inhibition by Dendritic Spines
Chiayu Q. Chiu,Gyorgy Lur,Thomas M. Morse,Nicholas T. Carnevale,Graham C. R. Ellis-Davies,Michael J. Higley +5 more
TLDR
The findings suggest that the effect of an inhibitory synapse can be as compartmentalized as that of an excitatory synapse, provided that the synapses are localized on spine heads.Abstract:
γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) inhibition plays a critical role in shaping neuronal activity in the neocortex. Numerous experimental investigations have examined perisomatic inhibitory synapses, which control action potential output from pyramidal neurons. However, most inhibitory synapses in the neocortex are formed onto pyramidal cell dendrites, where theoretical studies suggest they may focally regulate cellular activity. The precision of GABAergic control over dendritic electrical and biochemical signaling is unknown. By using cell type-specific optical stimulation in combination with two-photon calcium (Ca(2+)) imaging, we show that somatostatin-expressing interneurons exert compartmentalized control over postsynaptic Ca(2+) signals within individual dendritic spines. This highly focal inhibitory action is mediated by a subset of GABAergic synapses that directly target spine heads. GABAergic inhibition thus participates in localized control of dendritic electrical and biochemical signaling.read more
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GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits
TL;DR: Current understanding of neocortical interneuron diversity and the properties that distinguish cell types are reviewed and it is illustrated how recent advances in the field have shed light onto the mechanisms by which GABAergic inhibition contributes to network operations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex
Xiaolong Jiang,Shan Shen,Cathryn R. Cadwell,Philipp Berens,Fabian H. Sinz,Alexander S. Ecker,Saumil S. Patel,Andreas S. Tolias +7 more
TL;DR: This comprehensive profiling of neuronal cell types and connections in adult neocortex provides the most complete wiring diagram of neocortical microcircuits to date and should aid efforts to identify specific circuit abnormalities in animal models of brain disease and may eventually provide a path toward the development of comprehensive circuit-based, cell type–specific interventions.
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Cation-chloride cotransporters in neuronal development, plasticity and disease
TL;DR: This work has shown that one family of ion transporters, cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs), and in particular K+–Cl− cOTransporter 2 (KCC2), have seminal roles in shaping GABAergic signalling and neuronal connectivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altered connectivity in depression: GABA and glutamate neurotransmitter deficits and reversal by novel treatments
TL;DR: These studies demonstrate that depression and chronic stress exposure cause atrophy of neurons in cortical and limbic brain regions implicated in depression, and brain imaging studies demonstrate altered connectivity and network function in the brains of depressed patients.
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Amygdala interneuron subtypes control fear learning through disinhibition
Steffen B. E. Wolff,Jan Gründemann,Philip Tovote,Sabine Krabbe,Gilad A. Jacobson,Christian Müller,Cyril Herry,Ingrid Ehrlich,Rainer W. Friedrich,Johannes J. Letzkus,Andreas Lüthi +10 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that associative learning is dynamically regulated by the stimulus-specific activation of distinct disinhibitory microcircuits through precise interactions between different subtypes of local interneurons.
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