Journal ArticleDOI
Composition and energy harvesting capacity of the gut microbiota: relationship to diet, obesity and time in mouse models
Eileen F. Murphy,Paul D. Cotter,Paul D. Cotter,Selena Healy,Tatiana M. Marques,Tatiana M. Marques,Orla O'Sullivan,Orla O'Sullivan,Fiona Fouhy,Siobhan F. Clarke,Siobhan F. Clarke,Paul W. O'Toole,Eamonn Martin Quigley,Catherine Stanton,Catherine Stanton,Paul Ross,Paul Ross,Robert M. O'Doherty,Robert M. O'Doherty,Fergus Shanahan +19 more
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TLDR
The relationship between the microbial composition and energy harvesting capacity is more complex than previously considered and the possibility of microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered in future studies.Abstract:
Background and Aims Increased efficiency of energy harvest, due to alterations in the gut microbiota (increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes ), has been implicated in obesity in mice and humans. However, a causal relationship is unproven and contributory variables include diet, genetics and age. Therefore, we explored the effect of a high-fat (HF) diet and genetically determined obesity ( ob/ob ) for changes in microbiota and energy harvesting capacity over time. Methods Seven-week-old male ob/ob mice were fed a low-fat diet and wild-type mice were fed either a low-fat diet or a HF-diet for 8 weeks (n=8/group). They were assessed at 7, 11 and 15 weeks of age for: fat and lean body mass (by NMR); faecal and caecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, by gas chromatography); faecal energy content (by bomb calorimetry) and microbial composition (by metagenomic pyrosequencing). Results A progressive increase in Firmicutes was confirmed in both HF-fed and ob/ob mice reaching statistical significance in the former, but this phylum was unchanged over time in the lean controls. Reductions in Bacteroidetes were also found in ob/ob mice. However, changes in the microbiota were dissociated from markers of energy harvest. Thus, although the faecal energy in the ob/ob mice was significantly decreased at 7 weeks, and caecal SCFA increased, these did not persist and faecal acetate diminished over time in both ob/ob and HF-fed mice, but not in lean controls. Furthermore, the proportion of the major phyla did not correlate with energy harvest markers. Conclusion The relationship between the microbial composition and energy harvesting capacity is more complex than previously considered. While compositional changes in the faecal microbiota were confirmed, this was primarily a feature of high-fat feeding rather than genetically induced obesity. In addition, changes in the proportions of the major phyla were unrelated to markers of energy harvest which changed over time. The possibility of microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered in future studies.read more
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Influence of Sucrose on the Diversity of Bacteria Involved in Nonionic Surfactant Degradation in Fluidized Bed Reactor
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Gut Microbiota Profile and Changes in Body Weight in Elderly Subjects with Overweight/Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome.
Alessandro Atzeni,Serena Galié,Jananee Muralidharan,Nancy Babio,Francisco J. Tinahones,Jesús Vioque,Dolores Corella,Olga Castañer,Josep Vidal,Isabel Moreno-Indias,Laura Torres-Collado,Rebeca Fernández-Carrión,Montserrat Fitó,Romina Olbeyra,Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,Mònica Bulló,Jordi Salas-Salvadó +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an observational study was conducted within the frame of the PREDIMED-Plus clinical trial to assess the association between fecal microbiota, body composition and weight loss in response to a 12-month lifestyle intervention in a subsample of 372 individuals with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.
DissertationDOI
Effectiveness of sleep extension on athletic performance and nutrition of female track athletes
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Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
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Paul B. Eckburg,Elisabeth M. Bik,Charles N. Bernstein,Elizabeth Purdom,Les Dethlefsen,Michael Sargent,Steven R. Gill,Karen E. Nelson,David A. Relman,David A. Relman,David A. Relman +10 more
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