Journal ArticleDOI
Composition and energy harvesting capacity of the gut microbiota: relationship to diet, obesity and time in mouse models
Eileen F. Murphy,Paul D. Cotter,Paul D. Cotter,Selena Healy,Tatiana M. Marques,Tatiana M. Marques,Orla O'Sullivan,Orla O'Sullivan,Fiona Fouhy,Siobhan F. Clarke,Siobhan F. Clarke,Paul W. O'Toole,Eamonn Martin Quigley,Catherine Stanton,Catherine Stanton,Paul Ross,Paul Ross,Robert M. O'Doherty,Robert M. O'Doherty,Fergus Shanahan +19 more
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TLDR
The relationship between the microbial composition and energy harvesting capacity is more complex than previously considered and the possibility of microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered in future studies.Abstract:
Background and Aims Increased efficiency of energy harvest, due to alterations in the gut microbiota (increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes ), has been implicated in obesity in mice and humans. However, a causal relationship is unproven and contributory variables include diet, genetics and age. Therefore, we explored the effect of a high-fat (HF) diet and genetically determined obesity ( ob/ob ) for changes in microbiota and energy harvesting capacity over time. Methods Seven-week-old male ob/ob mice were fed a low-fat diet and wild-type mice were fed either a low-fat diet or a HF-diet for 8 weeks (n=8/group). They were assessed at 7, 11 and 15 weeks of age for: fat and lean body mass (by NMR); faecal and caecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, by gas chromatography); faecal energy content (by bomb calorimetry) and microbial composition (by metagenomic pyrosequencing). Results A progressive increase in Firmicutes was confirmed in both HF-fed and ob/ob mice reaching statistical significance in the former, but this phylum was unchanged over time in the lean controls. Reductions in Bacteroidetes were also found in ob/ob mice. However, changes in the microbiota were dissociated from markers of energy harvest. Thus, although the faecal energy in the ob/ob mice was significantly decreased at 7 weeks, and caecal SCFA increased, these did not persist and faecal acetate diminished over time in both ob/ob and HF-fed mice, but not in lean controls. Furthermore, the proportion of the major phyla did not correlate with energy harvest markers. Conclusion The relationship between the microbial composition and energy harvesting capacity is more complex than previously considered. While compositional changes in the faecal microbiota were confirmed, this was primarily a feature of high-fat feeding rather than genetically induced obesity. In addition, changes in the proportions of the major phyla were unrelated to markers of energy harvest which changed over time. The possibility of microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered in future studies.read more
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Obesity-associated cancer risk: the role of intestinal microbiota in the etiology of the host proinflammatory state
TL;DR: Systemic exposures to intestinal bacteria can be modulated by dietary factors through altering both the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the absorption of bacterial products from the intestinal lumen, and biomarkers that assess systemic bacterial exposures should be useful to optimize and personalize preventive approaches for individuals and groups with specific characteristics.
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Green propolis modulates gut microbiota, reduces endotoxemia and expression of TLR4 pathway in mice fed a high-fat diet.
Aline Rissetti Roquetto,Naice Eleidiane Santana Monteiro,Carolina Soares Moura,Viviane Cristina Toreti,Fernanda de Pace,Andrey Santos,Yong Kun Park,Jaime Amaya-Farfan +7 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that propolis supplementation reduces inflammatory response and endotoxemia by preventing dysbiosis in mice challenged with a high-fat diet and improves such biochemical parameters as serum triacylglycerols and glucose levels.
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Advances in the Involvement of Gut Microbiota in Pathophysiology of NAFLD.
TL;DR: During aging, altered composition of gut microbiota, along with circadian clock dysregulation, appears to contribute to increased incidence and/or severity of NAFLD.
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Gut microbiota and the development of obesity
A. P. Boroni Moreira,T. Fiche Salles Teixeira,M.ª do C. Gouveia Peluzio,R. de Cássia Gonçalves Alfenas +3 more
TL;DR: Gut microbiota seems to be an important and promising target in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disturbances in future studies and in clinical practice.
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Fluorinated Gold Nanoparticles for Nanostructure Imaging Mass Spectrometry
Amelia Palermo,Erica M. Forsberg,Benedikt Warth,Aries E. Aisporna,Elizabeth Billings,Ellen Kuang,H. Paul Benton,David Berry,Gary Siuzdak +8 more
TL;DR: F-AuNP NIMS allows the direct detection of carbohydrates, lipids, bile acids, sulfur metabolites, amino acids, nucleotide precursors as well as other small molecules of varied biological origins and provides a broad picture of a tissue's metabolic organization.
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Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
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Paul B. Eckburg,Elisabeth M. Bik,Charles N. Bernstein,Elizabeth Purdom,Les Dethlefsen,Michael Sargent,Steven R. Gill,Karen E. Nelson,David A. Relman,David A. Relman,David A. Relman +10 more
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