Journal ArticleDOI
Composition and energy harvesting capacity of the gut microbiota: relationship to diet, obesity and time in mouse models
Eileen F. Murphy,Paul D. Cotter,Paul D. Cotter,Selena Healy,Tatiana M. Marques,Tatiana M. Marques,Orla O'Sullivan,Orla O'Sullivan,Fiona Fouhy,Siobhan F. Clarke,Siobhan F. Clarke,Paul W. O'Toole,Eamonn Martin Quigley,Catherine Stanton,Catherine Stanton,Paul Ross,Paul Ross,Robert M. O'Doherty,Robert M. O'Doherty,Fergus Shanahan +19 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The relationship between the microbial composition and energy harvesting capacity is more complex than previously considered and the possibility of microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered in future studies.Abstract:
Background and Aims Increased efficiency of energy harvest, due to alterations in the gut microbiota (increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes ), has been implicated in obesity in mice and humans. However, a causal relationship is unproven and contributory variables include diet, genetics and age. Therefore, we explored the effect of a high-fat (HF) diet and genetically determined obesity ( ob/ob ) for changes in microbiota and energy harvesting capacity over time. Methods Seven-week-old male ob/ob mice were fed a low-fat diet and wild-type mice were fed either a low-fat diet or a HF-diet for 8 weeks (n=8/group). They were assessed at 7, 11 and 15 weeks of age for: fat and lean body mass (by NMR); faecal and caecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, by gas chromatography); faecal energy content (by bomb calorimetry) and microbial composition (by metagenomic pyrosequencing). Results A progressive increase in Firmicutes was confirmed in both HF-fed and ob/ob mice reaching statistical significance in the former, but this phylum was unchanged over time in the lean controls. Reductions in Bacteroidetes were also found in ob/ob mice. However, changes in the microbiota were dissociated from markers of energy harvest. Thus, although the faecal energy in the ob/ob mice was significantly decreased at 7 weeks, and caecal SCFA increased, these did not persist and faecal acetate diminished over time in both ob/ob and HF-fed mice, but not in lean controls. Furthermore, the proportion of the major phyla did not correlate with energy harvest markers. Conclusion The relationship between the microbial composition and energy harvesting capacity is more complex than previously considered. While compositional changes in the faecal microbiota were confirmed, this was primarily a feature of high-fat feeding rather than genetically induced obesity. In addition, changes in the proportions of the major phyla were unrelated to markers of energy harvest which changed over time. The possibility of microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered in future studies.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental and host factors shaping the gut microbiota diversity of brown frog Rana dybowskii.
TL;DR: It is found that alpha and beta diversity varied significantly during different developmental stages of brown frog R. dybowskii, and the AIC-based model results suggested that development was the only variable that needed inclusion in the redundancy analysis (RDA) to explain the variance in taxa.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota and Bergmann's rule in wild house mice
Taichi A. Suzuki,Felipe de Mello Martins,Felipe de Mello Martins,Megan Phifer-Rixey,Megan Phifer-Rixey,Michael W. Nachman +5 more
TL;DR: It is found that mice in the Americas follow Bergmann's rule, with increasing body mass at higher latitudes, and mice from colder environments tend to produce greater amounts of bacteria‐driven energy sources without an increase in food consumption.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiome and Mediterranean diet in the context of obesity. Current knowledge, perspectives and potential therapeutic targets.
Christina Tsigalou,Afroditi Paraschaki,Alexandros Karvelas,Konstantina Kantartzi,Kenan Gagali,Dimitrios Tsairidis,Eugenia Bezirtzoglou +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the interaction between diet and gut microbiota and the potential beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet on metabolic disorders like obesity, which is responsible for the development of many non-communicable diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of the gut microbiota of Papua New Guineans using reverse transcription quantitative PCR.
Andrew R. Greenhill,Hirokazu Tsuji,Kiyohito Ogata,Kazumi Natsuhara,Ayako Morita,Kevin W. Soli,Jo-ann Larkins,Kiyoshi Tadokoro,Shingo Odani,Jun Baba,Yuichi I. Naito,Eriko Tomitsuka,Koji Nomoto,Peter Siba,Paul F. Horwood,Masahiro Umezaki +15 more
TL;DR: A gut microbial composition with some similarities to those observed in other low-income settings where traditional diets are consumed is demonstrated, which have previously been suggested to favor energy extraction from a carbohydrate rich diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adverse effect of early-life high-fat/high-carbohydrate (“Western”) diet on bacterial community in the distal bowel of mice
Sandra Infante Villamil,Roger Huerlimann,Christina Morianos,Zoltán Sarnyai,Gregory E. Maes,Gregory E. Maes +5 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that early-life consumption of HFD negatively impacts the natural gut bacterial community maturation leading toward a potentially persistent unhealthy stage.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs.
Stephen F. Altschul,Thomas L. Madden,Alejandro A. Schäffer,Jinghui Zhang,Zheng Zhang,Webb Miller,David J. Lipman +6 more
TL;DR: A new criterion for triggering the extension of word hits, combined with a new heuristic for generating gapped alignments, yields a gapped BLAST program that runs at approximately three times the speed of the original.
Journal ArticleDOI
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Peter J. Turnbaugh,Ruth E. Ley,Michael A. Mahowald,Vincent Magrini,Elaine R. Mardis,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that changes in the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota and indicates that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
Junjie Qin,Ruiqiang Li,Jeroen Raes,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf,Chaysavanh Manichanh,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Florence Levenez,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Junhua Li,Junming Xu,Shaochuan Li,Dongfang Li,Jianjun Cao,Bo Wang,Huiqing Liang,Huisong Zheng,Yinlong Xie,Julien Tap,Patricia Lepage,Marcelo Bertalan,Jean-Michel Batto,Torben Hansen,Denis Le Paslier,Allan Linneberg,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Eric Pelletier,Pierre Renault,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Keith Turner,Hongmei Zhu,Chang Yu,Shengting Li,Min Jian,Yan Zhou,Yingrui Li,Xiuqing Zhang,Songgang Li,Nan Qin,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Francisco Guarner,Karsten Kristiansen,Oluf Pedersen,Julian Parkhill,Jean Weissenbach,Peer Bork,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Jun Wang +52 more
TL;DR: The Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals are described, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
TL;DR: It is shown that the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes is decreased in obese people by comparison with lean people, and that this proportion increases with weight loss on two types of low-calorie diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora.
Paul B. Eckburg,Elisabeth M. Bik,Charles N. Bernstein,Elizabeth Purdom,Les Dethlefsen,Michael Sargent,Steven R. Gill,Karen E. Nelson,David A. Relman,David A. Relman,David A. Relman +10 more
TL;DR: A majority of the bacterial sequences corresponded to uncultivated species and novel microorganisms, and significant intersubject variability and differences between stool and mucosa community composition were discovered.