Journal ArticleDOI
Composition and energy harvesting capacity of the gut microbiota: relationship to diet, obesity and time in mouse models
Eileen F. Murphy,Paul D. Cotter,Paul D. Cotter,Selena Healy,Tatiana M. Marques,Tatiana M. Marques,Orla O'Sullivan,Orla O'Sullivan,Fiona Fouhy,Siobhan F. Clarke,Siobhan F. Clarke,Paul W. O'Toole,Eamonn Martin Quigley,Catherine Stanton,Catherine Stanton,Paul Ross,Paul Ross,Robert M. O'Doherty,Robert M. O'Doherty,Fergus Shanahan +19 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The relationship between the microbial composition and energy harvesting capacity is more complex than previously considered and the possibility of microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered in future studies.Abstract:
Background and Aims Increased efficiency of energy harvest, due to alterations in the gut microbiota (increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes ), has been implicated in obesity in mice and humans. However, a causal relationship is unproven and contributory variables include diet, genetics and age. Therefore, we explored the effect of a high-fat (HF) diet and genetically determined obesity ( ob/ob ) for changes in microbiota and energy harvesting capacity over time. Methods Seven-week-old male ob/ob mice were fed a low-fat diet and wild-type mice were fed either a low-fat diet or a HF-diet for 8 weeks (n=8/group). They were assessed at 7, 11 and 15 weeks of age for: fat and lean body mass (by NMR); faecal and caecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, by gas chromatography); faecal energy content (by bomb calorimetry) and microbial composition (by metagenomic pyrosequencing). Results A progressive increase in Firmicutes was confirmed in both HF-fed and ob/ob mice reaching statistical significance in the former, but this phylum was unchanged over time in the lean controls. Reductions in Bacteroidetes were also found in ob/ob mice. However, changes in the microbiota were dissociated from markers of energy harvest. Thus, although the faecal energy in the ob/ob mice was significantly decreased at 7 weeks, and caecal SCFA increased, these did not persist and faecal acetate diminished over time in both ob/ob and HF-fed mice, but not in lean controls. Furthermore, the proportion of the major phyla did not correlate with energy harvest markers. Conclusion The relationship between the microbial composition and energy harvesting capacity is more complex than previously considered. While compositional changes in the faecal microbiota were confirmed, this was primarily a feature of high-fat feeding rather than genetically induced obesity. In addition, changes in the proportions of the major phyla were unrelated to markers of energy harvest which changed over time. The possibility of microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered in future studies.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism
Gijs den Besten,Karen van Eunen,Albert K. Groen,Koen Venema,Dirk-Jan Reijngoud,Barbara M. Bakker +5 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the role of SCFAs in host energy metabolism, starting from the production by the gut microbiota to the uptake by the host and ending with the effects on host metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health
TL;DR: The complex interplay between the gut microbiota, diet and health is considered and better definition of those dominant commensal bacteria, community profiles and system characteristics that produce stable gut communities beneficial to health is important.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity
Ilseung Cho,Shingo Yamanishi,Laura M. Cox,Barbara A. Methé,Jiri Zavadil,Kelvin Li,Zhan Gao,Douglas Mahana,Kartik Raju,Isabel Teitler,Huilin Li,Alexander V. Alekseyenko,Martin J. Blaser +12 more
TL;DR: A model of adiposity is generated by giving subtherapeutic antibiotic therapy to young mice and changes in the composition and capabilities of the gut microbiome are evaluated, demonstrating the alteration of early-life murine metabolic homeostasis through antibiotic manipulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short-chain Fatty Acids in Control of Body Weight and Insulin Sensitivity
TL;DR: This Review discusses the effects of three SCFA on energy homeostasis and metabolism, as well as how these SCFA can beneficially modulate adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver tissue function and the increasing evidence for a potential role of SCFA as metabolic targets to prevent and counteract obesity.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty-acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41
Buck S. Samuel,Abdullah Shaito,Toshiyuki Motoike,Federico E. Rey,Fredrik Bäckhed,Fredrik Bäckhed,Jill K. Manchester,Robert E. Hammer,S. Clay Williams,Jan R. Crowley,Masashi Yanagisawa,Jeffrey I. Gordon +11 more
TL;DR: Functional genomic, biochemical, and physiologic studies reveal that Gpr41 is a regulator of host energy balance through effects that are dependent upon the gut microbiota.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age.
Denis Mariat,Olivier Firmesse,Florence Levenez,Vd Guimarăes,Harry Sokol,Joël Doré,Gérard Corthier,J-P Furet +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the fecal microbiota composition evolves throughout life, from early childhood to old age, and that the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes evolves during different life stages.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity.
Marie A. Hildebrandt,Christian Hoffmann,Scott Sherrill-Mix,Sue A. Keilbaugh,Micah Hamady,Ying-Yu Chen,Rob Knight,Rexford S. Ahima,Frederic D. Bushman,Gary D. Wu +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the phenotype of RELMβ knockout mice to assess the influence of host phenotype, genotype, immune function, and diet on the composition of the human gut microbiome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human colonic microbiota associated with diet, obesity and weight loss.
Sylvia H. Duncan,Gerald E. Lobley,Grietje Holtrop,Jennifer Ince,Alexandra M. Johnstone,Petra Louis,Harry J. Flint +6 more
TL;DR: Diets designed to achieve weight loss in obese subjects can significantly alter the species composition of the gut microbiota, but there is no evidence that the proportions of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes among fecal bacteria have a function in human obesity.
BASIC—ALIMENTARY TRACT High-Fat Diet Determines the Composition of the Murine Gut Microbiome Independently of Obesity
Marie A. Hildebrandt,Christian Hoffmann,Sue A. Keilbaugh,Micah Hamady,Rob Knight,Rexford S. Ahima,Frederic D. Bushman,Gary D. Wu +7 more
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the importance of diet as a determinant of gut microbiome composition and suggest the need to control for dietary variation when evaluating the composition of the human gut microbiome.