Dead or dying? Quantifying the point of no return from hydraulic failure in drought-induced tree mortality.
William M. Hammond,Kailiang Yu,L. A. Wilson,Rodney E. Will,William R. L. Anderegg,Henry D. Adams +5 more
TLDR
Determining physiological mechanisms and thresholds for climate‐driven tree die‐off could help improve global predictions of future terrestrial carbon sinks and quantifies a continuous probability of mortality risk from hydraulic failure.Abstract:
Determining physiological mechanisms and thresholds for climate-driven tree die-off could help improve global predictions of future terrestrial carbon sinks. We directly tested for the lethal threshold in hydraulic failure - an inability to move water due to drought-induced xylem embolism - in a pine sapling experiment. In a glasshouse experiment, we exposed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) saplings (n = 83) to drought-induced water stress ranging from mild to lethal. Before rewatering to relieve drought stress, we measured native hydraulic conductivity and foliar color change. We monitored all measured individuals for survival or mortality. We found a lethal threshold at 80% loss of hydraulic conductivity - a point of hydraulic failure beyond which it is more likely trees will die, than survive, and describe mortality risk across all levels of water stress. Foliar color changes lagged behind hydraulic failure - best predicting when trees had been dead for some time, rather than when they were dying. Our direct measurement of native conductivity, while monitoring the same individuals for survival or mortality, quantifies a continuous probability of mortality risk from hydraulic failure. Predicting tree die-off events and understanding the mechanism involved requires knowledge not only of when trees are dead, but when they begin dying - having passed the point of no return.read more
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Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.
Stefano Schiavon,Roberto Zecchin +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a documento: "Cambiamenti climatici 2007: impatti, adattamento e vulnerabilita" voteato ad aprile 2007 dal secondo gruppo di lavoro del Comitato Intergovernativo sui Cambiamentsi Climatici (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).
Journal ArticleDOI
Hanging by a thread? Forests and drought
TL;DR: Recent progress is examined in understanding of how the future looks for forests growing in a hotter and drier atmosphere.
Warm Spring Reduced Carbon Cycle Impact of the 2012 US Summer Drought
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify the impact of extreme climate events on the carbon cycle and show that the detrimental effects of severe summer drought on ecosystem carbon storage can be mitigated by warming-induced increases in spring carbon uptake.
Meta-analysis Reveals that Hydraulic Traits Explain Cross-Species Patterns of Drought-Induced Tree Mortality across the Globe
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of species’ mortality rates across 475 species finds that species-specific mortality anomalies from community mortality rate in a given drought were associated with plant hydraulic traits, providing broad support for the hypothesis that hydraulic traits capture key mechanisms determining tree death.
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The impact of rising CO2 and acclimation on the response of US forests to global warming.
John S. Sperry,Martin Venturas,Henry N. Todd,Anna T. Trugman,Anna T. Trugman,William R. L. Anderegg,Yujie Wang,X. Tai +7 more
TL;DR: This model modeled stands with and without acclimation to ∆Ca and ∆T, where acclimated forests adjusted leaf area, photosynthetic capacity, and stand density to maximize productivity while avoiding stress.
References
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A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests
Craig D. Allen,Alison K. Macalady,Haroun Chenchouni,Dominique Bachelet,Nate G. McDowell,Michel Vennetier,Thomas Kitzberger,Andreas Rigling,David D. Breshears,Edward H. Hogg,Patrick Gonzalez,Rod Fensham,Zhen Zhang,Jorge Castro,N.A. Demidova,Jong Hwan Lim,Gillian Allard,Steven W. Running,Akkin Semerci,Neil S. Cobb +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first global assessment of recent tree mortality attributed to drought and heat stress and identify key information gaps and scientific uncertainties that currently hinder our ability to predict tree mortality in response to climate change and emphasizes the need for a globally coordinated observation system.
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