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Divergent vegetation growth responses to the 2003 heat wave in the
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TLDR
In this paper, satellite-derived photosynthetic activity estimates across the Alps revealed a pattern of high elevation growth enhancement and low elevation growth suppression in response to these extreme summer temperatures.Abstract:
[1] In 2003, Europe experienced its hottest summer in >500 years. Satellite-derived photosynthetic activity estimates across the Alps revealed a pattern of high elevation growth enhancement and low elevation growth suppression in response to these extreme summer temperatures. Surface weather-derived effective growing season lengths were shorter in 2003 by an average of 9% and 5% for colline and montane areas respectively and were 2%, 12% and 64% longer for subalpine, alpine and nival areas respectively. In situ forest growth measurements of 244 trees at 15 sites across Switzerland verified this pattern and revealed that this divergent response was consistent between species. We suggest that warmer summer temperatures lengthened the snow-free growing season at high elevations while they increased summertime evaporative demand at lower elevations. Our investigation demonstrates that climatic changes are affecting plants beyond simply shifting the elevation belts upwards.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Future climate risk from compound events
Jakob Zscheischler,Seth Westra,Bart van den Hurk,Bart van den Hurk,Sonia I. Seneviratne,Philip J. Ward,Andrew J. Pitman,Amir AghaKouchak,David N. Bresch,David N. Bresch,Michael Leonard,Thomas Wahl,Xuebin Zhang +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, a better understanding of compound events may improve projections of potential high-impact events, and can provide a bridge between climate scientists, engineers, social scientists, impact modellers and decision-makers.
Book Chapter
Ecosystems, their properties, goods and services
Journal ArticleDOI
21st century climate change in the European Alps--a review.
TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art literature about 21st century climate change in the Alps based on existing literature and additional analyses is reviewed, which explicitly considers the reliability and uncertainty of climate projections.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Review of the European Summer Heat Wave of 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the European summer heat wave of 2003, with special emphasis on the first half of August 2003, jointly with its significant societal and environmental impact across Western and Central Europe.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduction Of Ecosystem Productivity And Respiration During The European Summer 2003 Climate Anomaly: A Joint Flux Tower, Remote Sensing And Modelling Analysis
Markus Reichstein,Markus Reichstein,Philippe Ciais,Dario Papale,Riccardo Valentini,Steven W. Running,Nicolas Viovy,Wolfgang Cramer,André Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Ch. Bernhofer,Nina Buchmann,Arnaud Carrara,Thomas Grünwald,Martin Heimann,Bernard Heinesch,Alexander Knohl,Alexander Knohl,Werner L. Kutsch,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Kim Pilegaard,Jukka Pumpanen,Serge Rambal,Sibyll Schaphoff,Guenther Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Timo Vesala,Maosheng Zhao +34 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the 2003 heatwave on the European biosphere's productivity and carbon balance was analyzed using the EOS-MODIS sensor data and ecosystem modelling, showing that the drop in productivity was not primarily caused by high temperatures but rather by limitation of water.
References
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More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century
Gerald A. Meehl,Claudia Tebaldi +1 more
TL;DR: Observations and the model show that present-day heat waves over Europe and North America coincide with a specific atmospheric circulation pattern that is intensified by ongoing increases in greenhouse gases, indicating that it will produce more severe heat waves in those regions in the future.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves
Christoph Schär,Pier Luigi Vidale,Daniel Lüthi,Christoph Frei,Christian Häberli,Mark A. Liniger,Christof Appenzeller +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that an event like that of summer 2003 is statistically extremely unlikely, even when the observed warming is taken into account, and it is proposed that a regime with an increased variability of temperatures (in addition to increases in mean temperature) may be able to account for summer 2003.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS data
Ranga B. Myneni,S. Hoffman,Yuri Knyazikhin,J. L. Privette,Joseph M. Glassy,Yuhong Tian,Yujie Wang,X. Song,Yu Zhang,G. R. Smith,Alexander Lotsch,Mark A. Friedl,Jeffrey T. Morisette,Petr Votava,Ramakrishna R. Nemani,Steven W. Running +15 more
TL;DR: An algorithm based on the physics of radiative transfer in vegetation canopies for the retrieval of vegetation green leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) from surface reflectances was developed and implemented for operational processing prior to the launch of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the TERRA platform in December of 1999 as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500.
TL;DR: Multiproxy reconstructions of monthly and seasonal surface temperature fields for Europe back to 1500 show that the late 20th- and early 21st-century European climate is very likely (>95% confidence level) warmer than that of any time during the past 500 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Growing season extended in Europe
Annette Menzel,Peter Fabian +1 more
TL;DR: Analysis of data from more than 30 years of observation in Europe finds that spring events, such as leaf unfolding, have advanced by 6 days, whereas autumn events have been delayed by 4.8 days, which means that the average annual growing season has lengthened by 10.8 Days since the early 1960s.