Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of dark energy
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In this article, the authors review the observational evidence for the current accelerated expansion of the universe and present a number of dark energy models in addition to the conventional cosmological constant, paying particular attention to scalar field models such as quintessence, K-essence and tachyon.Abstract:
We review in detail a number of approaches that have been adopted to try and explain the remarkable observation of our accelerating universe. In particular we discuss the arguments for and recent progress made towards understanding the nature of dark energy. We review the observational evidence for the current accelerated expansion of the universe and present a number of dark energy models in addition to the conventional cosmological constant, paying particular attention to scalar field models such as quintessence, K-essence, tachyon, phantom and dilatonic models. The importance of cosmological scaling solutions is emphasized when studying the dynamical system of scalar fields including coupled dark energy. We study the evolution of cosmological perturbations allowing us to confront them with the observation of the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure and demonstrate how it is possible in principle to reconstruct the equation of state of dark energy by also using Supernovae Ia observational data. We also discuss in detail the nature of tracking solutions in cosmology, particle physics and braneworld models of dark energy, the nature of possible future singularities, the effect of higher order curvature terms to avoid a Big Rip singularity, and approaches to modifying gravity which leads to a late-time accelerated expansion without recourse to a new form of dark energy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Infrared-modified gravities and massive gravitons
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review theoretical and phenomenological aspects of massive gravities in 4D space and show that some models with Lorentz violation have no pathologies in the spectrum in flat and nearly flat backgrounds and lead to an interesting phenomenology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond $\Lambda$CDM: Problems, solutions, and the road ahead
Philip Bull,Yashar Akrami,Julian Adamek,Tessa Baker,Emilio Bellini,Jose Beltrán Jiménez,Eloisa Bentivegna,Stefano Camera,Sebastien Clesse,Jonathan H. Davis,Enea Di Dio,Jonas Enander,Alan Heavens,Lavinia Heisenberg,Bin Hu,Claudio Llinares,Roy Maartens,Edvard Mörtsell,Seshadri Nadathur,Johannes Noller,Roman Pasechnik,Marcel S. Pawlowski,Thiago S. Pereira,Miguel Quartin,Angelo Ricciardone,Signe Riemer-Sørensen,Massimiliano Rinaldi,Jeremy Sakstein,Ippocratis D. Saltas,Vincenzo Salzano,Ignacy Sawicki,Adam R. Solomon,Douglas Spolyar,Glenn D. Starkman,Daniele A. Steer,Ismael Tereno,Licia Verde,Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro,Mikael von Strauss,Hans A. Winther +39 more
TL;DR: There is a persistent interest in extending cosmology beyond the standard model, $\Lambda$CDM as discussed by the authors, motivated by a range of apparently serious theoretical issues, involving such questions as the cosmological constant problem, the particle nature of dark matter, the validity of general relativity on large scales, the existence of anomalies in the CMB and on small scales, and the predictivity and testability of the inflationary paradigm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Finite-time future singularities in modified Gauss-Bonnet and $\mathcal{F}(R,G)$ gravity and singularity avoidance
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied all four types of finite-time future singularities emerging in late-time accelerating (effective quintessence/phantom) era from the Ricci scalar and the Gauss-Bonnet invariant, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Testing general relativity in cosmology
TL;DR: The review aims at providing an overall picture of the subject and an entry point to students and researchers interested in joining the field and a quick reference to recent results and constraints on testing gravity at cosmological scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Finite-time future singularities in modified Gauss–Bonnet and ℱ(R,G) gravity and singularity avoidance
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied all four types of finite-time future singularities emerging in the late-time accelerating (effective quintessence/phantom) era from ℱ(R,G)-gravity, where R and G are the Ricci scalar and the Gauss-Bonnet invariant, respectively.
References
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A new look at the statistical model identification
TL;DR: In this article, a new estimate minimum information theoretical criterion estimate (MAICE) is introduced for the purpose of statistical identification, which is free from the ambiguities inherent in the application of conventional hypothesis testing procedure.
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Estimating the Dimension of a Model
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of selecting one of a number of models of different dimensions is treated by finding its Bayes solution, and evaluating the leading terms of its asymptotic expansion.
Estimating the dimension of a model
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of selecting one of a number of models of different dimensions is treated by finding its Bayes solution, and evaluating the leading terms of its asymptotic expansion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
Saul Perlmutter,Saul Perlmutter,Greg Aldering,Gerson Goldhaber,Gerson Goldhaber,R. A. Knop,Peter Nugent,P. G. Castro,P. G. Castro,Susana E. Deustua,Sebastien Fabbro,Sebastien Fabbro,A. Goobar,A. Goobar,Donald E. Groom,I. M. Hook,I. M. Hook,A. G. Kim,A. G. Kim,A. G. Kim,M. Y. Kim,Julia C. Lee,Julia C. Lee,Nelson J. Nunes,Nelson J. Nunes,Reynald Pain,Reynald Pain,C. R. Pennypacker,C. R. Pennypacker,Robert Quimby,Christopher Lidman,Richard S. Ellis,Mike Irwin,Richard G. McMahon,Pilar Ruiz-Lapuente,Nicholas A. Walton,Bradley E. Schaefer,B. J. Boyle,Alexei V. Filippenko,Thomas Matheson,A. S. Fruchter,Nino Panagia,Nino Panagia,Heidi Jo Newberg,Warrick J. Couch +44 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the mass density, Omega_M, and cosmological-constant energy density of the universe were measured using the analysis of 42 Type Ia supernovae discovered by the Supernova Cosmology project.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
Adam G. Riess,Alexei V. Filippenko,Peter Challis,Alejandro Clocchiatti,Alan H. Diercks,Peter M. Garnavich,R. L. Gilliland,Craig J. Hogan,Saurabh Jha,Robert P. Kirshner,Bruno Leibundgut,Mark M. Phillips,David J Reiss,Brian P. Schmidt,R. A. Schommer,R. Chris Smith,R. Chris Smith,Jason Spyromilio,Christopher W. Stubbs,Nicholas B. Suntzeff,John L. Tonry +20 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used spectral and photometric observations of 10 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the redshift range 0.16 " z " 0.62.
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