Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of the antihistamine diphenhydramine on selected aquatic organisms
Jason P. Berninger,Bowen Du,Kristin A. Connors,Stephanie A. Eytcheson,Mark A. Kolkmeier,Krista N. Prosser,Theodore W. Valenti,C. Kevin Chambliss,Bryan W. Brooks +8 more
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TLDR
Results from both acute mortality and subchronic reproduction studies indicated that the model aquatic invertebrate, Daphnia magna, was more sensitive to DPH than the fish model, suggesting that DPH may exert toxicity in Daphnian through ACh and histamine MOAs.Abstract:
In recent years pharmaceuticals have been detected in aquatic systems receiving discharges of municipal and industrial effluents. Although diphenhydramine (DPH) has been reported in water, sediment, and fish tissue, an understanding of its impacts on aquatic organisms is lacking. Diphenhydramine has multiple modes of action (MOA) targeting the histamine H1, acetylcholine (ACh), and 5-HT reuptake transporter receptors, and as such is used in hundreds of pharmaceutical formulations. The primary objective of this study was to develop a baseline aquatic toxicological understanding of DPH using standard acute and subchronic methodologies with common aquatic plant, invertebrate, and fish models. A secondary objective was to test the utility of leveraging mammalian pharmacology information to predict aquatic toxicity thresholds. The plant model, Lemna gibba, was not adversely affected at exposures as high as 10 mg/L. In the fish model, Pimephales promelas, pH affected acute toxicity thresholds and feeding behavior was more sensitive (no-observed-effect concentration = 2.8 µg/L) than standardized survival or growth endpoints. This response threshold was slightly underpredicted using a novel plasma partitioning approach and a mammalian pharmacological potency model. Interestingly, results from both acute mortality and subchronic reproduction studies indicated that the model aquatic invertebrate, Daphnia magna, was more sensitive to DPH than the fish model. These responses suggest that DPH may exert toxicity in Daphnia through ACh and histamine MOAs. The D. magna reproduction no-observed-effect concentration of 0.8 µg/L is environmentally relevant and suggests that additional studies of more potent antihistamines and antihistamine mixtures are warranted. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2065–2072. © 2011 SETACread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological effects of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems--impacts through behavioural alterations.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that prey consumption can be an important exposure route as on average 46% of the pharmaceutical in ingested prey accumulated in the predator, suggesting that investigations of exposure through bioconcentration, where trophic interactions and subsequent bioaccumulation of exposed individuals are ignored, underestimate exposure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmaceuticals in the environment: scientific evidence of risks and its regulation
Anette Küster,Nicole Adler +1 more
TL;DR: More general and integrative steps of regulation, legislation and research have been developed and are presented and should aim to improve the existing legislation for pharmaceuticals, prioritize pharmaceuticals in the environment and improve the availability and collection of pharmaceutical data.
Book ChapterDOI
Human Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Review of Recent Toxicological Studies and Considerations for Toxicity Testing
TL;DR: This work addresses many of the shortcomings in the literature by proposing "intelligent" well-designed aquatic toxicology studies that consider comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and recommends that future studies employ AOP approaches that leverage mammalian pharmacology information, including data on side effects and contraindications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Australia's largest inland sewage treatment plant, and its contribution to a major Australian river during high and low flow.
Jenna Roberts,Jenna Roberts,Anupama Kumar,Jun Du,Christopher L. Hepplewhite,David J. Ellis,Andrew G. Christy,Sara Beavis +7 more
TL;DR: It is confirmed that risk assessment models for PPCPs must account for seasonality of influent loads and removal efficiency of STPs, and site validation is critical for predictive capability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of contaminants of emerging concern removal, discharge, and water quality hazards among centralized and on-site wastewater treatment system effluents receiving common wastewater influent.
Bowen Du,Amy E. Price,W. Casan Scott,Lauren A. Kristofco,Alejandro J. Ramirez,C. Kevin Chambliss,Joe C. Yelderman,Bryan W. Brooks +7 more
TL;DR: Across the treatment systems examined, the majority of pharmaceuticals observed in on-site and municipal effluent discharges were predicted to potentially present therapeutic hazards to fish, and removal by these wastewater treatment systems was generally not influenced by season.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data
TL;DR: Several PhACs from various prescription classes have been found at concentrations up to the microg/l-level in sewage influent and effluent samples and also in several surface waters located downstream from municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs).
Journal ArticleDOI
DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for ‘Omics’ research on drugs
Craig Knox,Vivian Law,Timothy Jewison,Philip Liu,Son Ly,Alex Frolkis,Allison Pon,Kelly Banco,Christine Mak,Vanessa Neveu,Yannick Djoumbou,Roman Eisner,An Chi Guo,David S. Wishart +13 more
TL;DR: DrugBank 3.0 represents the result of 2 years of manual annotation work aimed at making the database much more useful for a wide range of ‘omics’ applications, particularly with regard to drug target, drug description and drug action data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Persistence of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional drinking-water-treatment plant
Paul E. Stackelberg,Edward T. Furlong,Michael T. Meyer,Steven D. Zaugg,Alden K. Henderson,Dori B. Reissman +5 more
TL;DR: This study provides the first documentation that many of the organic wastewater-related contaminants that represent a diverse group of extensively used chemicals can survive conventional water-treatment processes and occur in potable-water supplies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Histamine in the Nervous System
TL;DR: Mutual interactions with other transmitter systems form a network that links basic homeostatic and higher brain functions, including sleep-wake regulation, circadian and feeding rhythms, immunity, learning, and memory in health and disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolutionary Conservation of Human Drug Targets in Organisms used for Environmental Risk Assessments
Lina-Maria Gunnarsson,Alexandra Jauhiainen,Erik Kristiansson,Olle Nerman,D. G. Joakim Larsson +4 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that aquatic environmental risk assessments for human drugs should always include comprehensive studies on aquatic vertebrates, and individual targets, especially enzymes, are well conserved suggesting that tests on evolutionarily distant organisms would be highly relevant for certain drugs.
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