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Estrogen regulation of placental angiogenesis and fetal ovarian development during primate pregnancy

TLDR
The developmental processes required for placental vascularization and fetal follicular maturation are described and recent studies which show that estrogen has an important role in regulating these events are described.
Abstract
During human and nonhuman primate pregnancy, an extensive blood vessel network is established within the villous placenta to support fetal growth and follicles develop within the fetal ovary to provide a pool of oocytes for reproductive function in adulthood. These two important developmental events occur in association with a progressive increase in placental estrogen production and levels. This review will describe the developmental processes required for placental vascularization and fetal follicular maturation and recent studies which show that estrogen has an important role in regulating these events.

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Decidualization of the human endometrium.

TL;DR: Decidualization of the human endometrium is essential for the establishment of a successful pregnancy and results from a complex interplay of transcription factors, morphogens, cytokines, cell cycle regulators, and signaling pathways.
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Tissue physiology and pathology of aromatase

TL;DR: The role of aromatase in different tissues under normal physiological conditions and its contribution to the development of some oestrogen-related pathologies are reviewed.
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The c-Myc-Regulated MicroRNA-17∼92 (miR-17∼92) and miR-106a∼363 Clusters Target hCYP19A1 and hGCM1 To Inhibit Human Trophoblast Differentiation

TL;DR: The findings reveal that c-Myc-regulated members of the miR-17∼92 and mi-106a∼363 clusters inhibit trophoblast differentiation by repressing hGCM1 and hCYP19A1 and suggest that aberrant regulation of these miRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Epigenetic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on female reproduction: An ovarian perspective

TL;DR: This review discusses studies with select EDCs that have been shown to have physiological and correlated epigenetic effects in the ovary, neuroendocrine system, and uterus, and describes the developmental processes that are susceptible to EDC exposures in female reproductive system.
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The structural biology of oestrogen metabolism

TL;DR: The structures of oestrogen-metabolising enzymes are discussed and compared and the impact of structure on inhibitor design is briefly mentioned.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

TGF-beta signal transduction.

TL;DR: The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family of growth factors control the development and homeostasis of most tissues in metazoan organisms and mutations in these pathways are the cause of various forms of human cancer and developmental disorders.
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The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor

TL;DR: The establishment of a vascular supply is required for organ development and differentiation as well as for tissue repair and reproductive functions in the adult.
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Abnormal blood vessel development and lethality in embryos lacking a single VEGF allele

TL;DR: It is reported that formation of blood vessels was abnormal, but not abolished, in heterozygous VEGF-deficient (VEGF+/-) embryos, generated by aggregation of embryonic stem (ES) cells with tetraploid embryos (T-ES)16,17, and even more impaired in homozygous D1-VEGF- deficient (VDGF-/-) T-ES embryos, resulting in death at mid-gestation.
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Failure of blood-island formation and vasculogenesis in Flk-1-deficient mice.

TL;DR: The generation of mice deficient in Flk-1 by disruption of the gene using homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells is reported, indicating that FlK-1 is essential for yolk-sac blood-island formation and vasculogenesis in the mouse embryo.
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Vascular-specific growth factors and blood vessel formation

TL;DR: New findings in newly discovered vascular growth factors demand re-evaluation of therapeutic efforts aimed at regulating blood vessel growth in ischaemia, cancer and other pathological settings.
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