Showing papers in "Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology in 2010"

TL;DR: It is argued that a careful exploitation of the broad natural and biologically functional individual variation in behavior and physiology may help in developing better animal models for understanding individual disease vulnerability.

TL;DR: As weak estrogen agonists/antagonists with molecular and cellular properties similar to synthetic endocrine disruptors such as Bisphenol A (BPA), the phytoestrogens provide a useful model to comprehensively investigate the biological impact of endocrine disruption in general.

TL;DR: The effects of ghrelin on glucose homeostasis, memory function and gastrointestinal motility have attracted considerable amount of attention and revealed novel therapeutic targets in treating a wide range of pathologic conditions.

TL;DR: In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and expression of GFP in transgenic tg(cyp19a1b-GFP) fish demonstrate that aromatase B is only expressed in radial glial cells (RGC) of adult fish, suggesting that it could be part of the mechanisms authorizing the maintenance of a high proliferative activity in the brain of fish.

TL;DR: GnIH in birds and mammals appears to act at all levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and possibly over different time-frames, and GnIH and its homologs appear to act as key neurohormones controlling vertebrate reproduction.

TL;DR: The role of leptin in human physiology is described and evidence from recent "proof of concept" clinical trials using recombinant human leptin in subjects with congenital leptin deficiency, hypoleptinemia associated with energy-deficient states, and hyperleptinema associated with garden-variety obesity is reviewed.

TL;DR: The present review is to discuss the current understanding of how pubertal development and stress interact to affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the major neuroendocrine axis that controls the hormonal stress response.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the role of cell signaling and in particular, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities regulated by GnRH that are necessary for normal fertility.

TL;DR: The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis plays a critical role in mediating changes in metabolism and thermogenesis and the central regulation of the thyroid axis by Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is of key importance for the normal function of the axis.

TL;DR: Research describing the peripheral and central signalling molecules that modulate the rewarding effects of food and the underlying neural pathways is pulled together.

TL;DR: Genetic evidence supports a role for the substantia nigra-striatal dopamine pathways in food intake, while the VTA-NAc circuit is more likely involved in higher-order aspects of food acquisition, such as motivation and cue associations.

TL;DR: This work proposes that models previously developed to describe how the forebrain modulates autonomic reflex loops in the hindbrain offer a reasoned framework for explaining how counterregulatory neural mechanisms in the hypothalamus and hindbrain are structured.

TL;DR: This review discusses studies with select EDCs that have been shown to have physiological and correlated epigenetic effects in the ovary, neuroendocrine system, and uterus, and describes the developmental processes that are susceptible to EDC exposures in female reproductive system.

TL;DR: This review addresses socially-controlled sex change and alternate male phenotypes in fishes and illustrates how variation in conserved neuroendocrine pathways can give rise to a wide range of reproductive adaptations.

TL;DR: R rigorously evaluating the progression of the inflammatory signaling cascade within specific hypothalamic cell types is a key next step towards resolving the paradox surrounding the effect of inflammatory signaling on energy homeostasis.

TL;DR: This review examines the neural control of meal size and the integration of two principal sources of that control--satiation signals arising from the gastrointestinal tract and CNS leptin signaling.

TL;DR: This review summarizes some of the latest developments in the field and focuses on the effects of leptin, insulin, and nutrient-related signals in the central regulation of feeding behavior, with a view to developing new therapeutic interventions within the current obesity epidemic.

TL;DR: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has recently proven to have an integral regulatory role in a number of physiological processes, but whose endogenous ligand is still elusive as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: It is shown in both rats and nonhuman primates that BPA completely negates the ∼ 70-100% increase in the number of hippocampal and prefrontal spine synapses induced by both estrogens and androgens.

TL;DR: This review focuses on PCBs and PBDEs as old and new organohalogens, respectively, and their effects on two neuroendocrine systems; thyroid hormones and the arginine vasopressin system (AVP).

TL;DR: Neural and behavioral sexual dimorphisms in rats and mice are reviewed, which highlight species differences and experimental gaps in the literature, that are needed for direct species comparisons.

TL;DR: High prevalence of thyroid autoimmune disorders strongly supported the assumption on impaired immune system and thus on presumably increased prevalence of other autoimmune disorders in highly exposed population and suggested a role of prenatal exposure to OCs in the development of several adverse health signs.

TL;DR: The GnRH system must be viewed as a complete neuro-glial-vascular unit that works in concert to maintain the reproductive axis and must have coordinated actions of multiple signals secreted from glial cells, endothelial cells, and GnRH neurons.

TL;DR: More than ten years of knowledge about the orexins/hypocretins are summarized with particular focus on their role as neuroendocrine regulators, which could open new therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of sleep, energy homeostasis and endocrine pathologies.

TL;DR: The present review summarizes available clinical and laboratory findings on the lasting impact of exposure to noxious stimulation during early development, with a focus on the structural and functional alterations in nociceptive circuits, and its sexually dimorphic impact.

TL;DR: It is suggested that early identification of obesity-prone humans and of the factors that can prevent them from becoming obese could provide an effective strategy for preventing the world-wide epidemic of obesity.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to emphasize their role in the development of the brain and their function and to highlight recent findings on the evolution of mammalian microRNAs and their effect on steroid signaling in the brain.

TL;DR: There is mounting evidence that important components of the care given to the offspring are affected by maternal exposure to different ECs, and changes in maternal behavior appear to be secondary to changes in the behavior and/or stimulus properties of the exposed offspring.

TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of brain circuitry is needed to fully understand how the nutritional and/or maternal environments impact the functional circuitry as well as the behavior and physiological outcomes.

TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms, by which multiple signaling pathways converge on PRs to modulate PR-dependent female reproductive behavior, are discussed in this review.