Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence of current impact of climate change on life: a walk from genes to the biosphere
Josep Peñuelas,Jordi Sardans,Marc Estiarte,Romà Ogaya,Jofre Carnicer,Jofre Carnicer,Marta Coll,Adrià Barbeta,Albert Rivas-Ubach,Joan Llusià,Martín F. Garbulsky,Martín F. Garbulsky,Iolanda Filella,Alistair S. Jump,Alistair S. Jump +14 more
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TLDR
The evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction is reviewed.Abstract:
We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction. Organisms alter their gene expression and metabolism to increase the concentrations of several antistress compounds and to change their physiology, phenology, growth and reproduction in response to climate change. Rapid adaptation and microevolution occur at the population level. Together with these phenotypic and genotypic adaptations, the movement of organisms and the turnover of populations can lead to migration toward habitats with better conditions unless hindered by barriers. Both migration and local extinction of populations have occurred. However, many unknowns for all these processes remain. The roles of phenotypic plasticity and genotypic evolution and their possible trade-offs and links with population structure warrant further research. The application of omic techniques to ecological studies will greatly favor this research. It remains poorly understood how climate change will result in asymmetrical responses of species and how it will interact with other increasing global impacts, such as N eutrophication, changes in environmental N : P ratios and species invasion, among many others. The biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks on climate of all these changes in vegetation are also poorly understood. We here review the evidence of responses to climate change and discuss the perspectives for increasing our knowledge of the interactions between climate change and life.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Truncation of thermal tolerance niches among Australian plants
Alex Bush,Renee A. Catullo,Renee A. Catullo,Karel Mokany,Andrew H. Thornhill,Andrew H. Thornhill,Joseph T. Miller,Simon Ferrier +7 more
TL;DR: A widespread disparity between realized and potential thermal limits may have significant implications for species' capacity to persist in situ with a changing climate and may potentially improve the reliability of model projections under climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
The interaction between drought and elevated CO2 in water relations in two grassland species is species-specific.
TL;DR: Elevated CO2 partially mitigated the negative impact of drought on turgor potential in Trifolium pratense through a higher osmotic adjustment and root to shoot ratio and in Agrostis capillaris through aHigher leaf relative water content caused by higher hydraulic conductance, but the impact ofrought was not mitigated in either species by higher soil water conservation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring interactive effects of climate change and exotic pathogens on Quercus suber performance: Damage caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi varies across contrasting scenarios of soil moisture
Pablo Homet,Mario González,Luis Matías,Luis Matías,Oscar Godoy,Ignacio Manuel Pérez-Ramos,Luis V. García,Lorena Gómez-Aparicio +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that an average drier climate might imply sub-optimal conditions for P. cinnamomi infections allowing for a slower advance of the disease in invaded areas, but this effect will be modulated by the also predicted more frequent extreme climatic events.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asymmetric warming significantly affects net primary production, but not ecosystem carbon balances of forest and grassland ecosystems in northern China
TL;DR: Analysis of covariance shows that NPP is significant greater at most ecosystems under the various environmental change scenarios once temperature asymmetries are taken into consideration, which indicates that asymmetry in climate change does not result in significant alterations of the overall carbon balance in the dominating forest or grassland ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal Characterization of European Ant Communities Along Thermal Gradients and Its Implications for Community Resilience to Temperature Variability
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterized the thermal niches of 147 ant species from 342 communities found along broad temperature gradients in western Europe and found that community thermal resilience was negatively and positively correlated with mean temperature and temperature seasonality, respectively.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
Camille Parmesan,Gary W. Yohe +1 more
TL;DR: A diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends is defined and generates ‘very high confidence’ (as laid down by the IPCC) that climate change is already affecting living systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
TL;DR: In this article, Chen et al. present a survey of the state of the art in the field of computer vision and artificial intelligence, including a discussion of the role of the human brain in computer vision.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests
Craig D. Allen,Alison K. Macalady,Haroun Chenchouni,Dominique Bachelet,Nate G. McDowell,Michel Vennetier,Thomas Kitzberger,Andreas Rigling,David D. Breshears,Edward H. Hogg,Patrick Gonzalez,Rod Fensham,Zhen Zhang,Jorge Castro,N.A. Demidova,Jong Hwan Lim,Gillian Allard,Steven W. Running,Akkin Semerci,Neil S. Cobb +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first global assessment of recent tree mortality attributed to drought and heat stress and identify key information gaps and scientific uncertainties that currently hinder our ability to predict tree mortality in response to climate change and emphasizes the need for a globally coordinated observation system.
Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica
J. R. Petit,Jean Jouzel,Dominique Raynaud,J. M. Barnola,I. Basile,Michael L. Bender,Jérôme Chappellaz,Michael Davis,Gilles Delaygue,Marc Delmotte,V. M. Kotlyakov,Michel Legrand,Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov,C. Lorius,L. Pepin,Catherine Ritz,Eric S. Saltzman,Michel Stievenard +17 more
TL;DR: The recent completion of drilling at Vostok station in East Antarctica has allowed the extension of the ice record of atmospheric composition and climate to the past four glacial-interglacial cycles.
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