Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence of current impact of climate change on life: a walk from genes to the biosphere
Josep Peñuelas,Jordi Sardans,Marc Estiarte,Romà Ogaya,Jofre Carnicer,Jofre Carnicer,Marta Coll,Adrià Barbeta,Albert Rivas-Ubach,Joan Llusià,Martín F. Garbulsky,Martín F. Garbulsky,Iolanda Filella,Alistair S. Jump,Alistair S. Jump +14 more
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TLDR
The evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction is reviewed.Abstract:
We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction. Organisms alter their gene expression and metabolism to increase the concentrations of several antistress compounds and to change their physiology, phenology, growth and reproduction in response to climate change. Rapid adaptation and microevolution occur at the population level. Together with these phenotypic and genotypic adaptations, the movement of organisms and the turnover of populations can lead to migration toward habitats with better conditions unless hindered by barriers. Both migration and local extinction of populations have occurred. However, many unknowns for all these processes remain. The roles of phenotypic plasticity and genotypic evolution and their possible trade-offs and links with population structure warrant further research. The application of omic techniques to ecological studies will greatly favor this research. It remains poorly understood how climate change will result in asymmetrical responses of species and how it will interact with other increasing global impacts, such as N eutrophication, changes in environmental N : P ratios and species invasion, among many others. The biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks on climate of all these changes in vegetation are also poorly understood. We here review the evidence of responses to climate change and discuss the perspectives for increasing our knowledge of the interactions between climate change and life.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Warming and spring precipitation addition change plant growth pattern but have minor effects on growing season mean gross ecosystem productivity in an alpine meadow.
Hasbagan Ganjurjav,Guozheng Hu,Elise S. Gornish,Tong Zhang,Yu Qi Li,Yulong Yan,Hongbao Wu,Jun Yan,Shicheng He,Luobu Danjiu,Qingzhu Gao +10 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors measured whole year warming and spring precipitation addition effects on plant phenology, plant growth rate and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and found that warming delayed plant green up (4 days) and withering (5 days), while spring precipitation added advanced green up 13 days and did not change withering.
Book ChapterDOI
Mitigation of Ozone Stress
TL;DR: The photochemical reactions leading to O3 formation and the variables on which these reactions depend are undergoing rapid alterations owing to the present climate change scenario as mentioned in this paper, therefore the demand of the time is to develop certain strategies that will help in alleviating the deleterious effects of O3 on plant performance.
Terra Negra: un sòl sobre pissarres al Montnegre
Marcos Fernández-Martínez,Guillem Bagaria,Rosa Cañizares,Irene Raya,Catherine Preece,Olga Margalef,Xavier Domene +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a breu introducció a característiques geològiques del massís del Montnegre, exposem els mètodes emprats per fer les anàlisis del sòl.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insect pollinators decline: an emerging concern of Anthropocene epoch
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focus on appreciating the services of insect pollinators and rescuing them from the threats leading to their extinctions which in turn will help in enhancing global food production, and tackle problems related to colony collapse disorder (CCD), climate change, habitat loss and provide much needed help to the native pollinator species to revive their natural habitats.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
Camille Parmesan,Gary W. Yohe +1 more
TL;DR: A diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends is defined and generates ‘very high confidence’ (as laid down by the IPCC) that climate change is already affecting living systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
TL;DR: In this article, Chen et al. present a survey of the state of the art in the field of computer vision and artificial intelligence, including a discussion of the role of the human brain in computer vision.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests
Craig D. Allen,Alison K. Macalady,Haroun Chenchouni,Dominique Bachelet,Nate G. McDowell,Michel Vennetier,Thomas Kitzberger,Andreas Rigling,David D. Breshears,Edward H. Hogg,Patrick Gonzalez,Rod Fensham,Zhen Zhang,Jorge Castro,N.A. Demidova,Jong Hwan Lim,Gillian Allard,Steven W. Running,Akkin Semerci,Neil S. Cobb +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first global assessment of recent tree mortality attributed to drought and heat stress and identify key information gaps and scientific uncertainties that currently hinder our ability to predict tree mortality in response to climate change and emphasizes the need for a globally coordinated observation system.
Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica
J. R. Petit,Jean Jouzel,Dominique Raynaud,J. M. Barnola,I. Basile,Michael L. Bender,Jérôme Chappellaz,Michael Davis,Gilles Delaygue,Marc Delmotte,V. M. Kotlyakov,Michel Legrand,Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov,C. Lorius,L. Pepin,Catherine Ritz,Eric S. Saltzman,Michel Stievenard +17 more
TL;DR: The recent completion of drilling at Vostok station in East Antarctica has allowed the extension of the ice record of atmospheric composition and climate to the past four glacial-interglacial cycles.
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