Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence of current impact of climate change on life: a walk from genes to the biosphere
Josep Peñuelas,Jordi Sardans,Marc Estiarte,Romà Ogaya,Jofre Carnicer,Jofre Carnicer,Marta Coll,Adrià Barbeta,Albert Rivas-Ubach,Joan Llusià,Martín F. Garbulsky,Martín F. Garbulsky,Iolanda Filella,Alistair S. Jump,Alistair S. Jump +14 more
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TLDR
The evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction is reviewed.Abstract:
We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction. Organisms alter their gene expression and metabolism to increase the concentrations of several antistress compounds and to change their physiology, phenology, growth and reproduction in response to climate change. Rapid adaptation and microevolution occur at the population level. Together with these phenotypic and genotypic adaptations, the movement of organisms and the turnover of populations can lead to migration toward habitats with better conditions unless hindered by barriers. Both migration and local extinction of populations have occurred. However, many unknowns for all these processes remain. The roles of phenotypic plasticity and genotypic evolution and their possible trade-offs and links with population structure warrant further research. The application of omic techniques to ecological studies will greatly favor this research. It remains poorly understood how climate change will result in asymmetrical responses of species and how it will interact with other increasing global impacts, such as N eutrophication, changes in environmental N : P ratios and species invasion, among many others. The biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks on climate of all these changes in vegetation are also poorly understood. We here review the evidence of responses to climate change and discuss the perspectives for increasing our knowledge of the interactions between climate change and life.read more
Citations
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Drought-Induced Reduction in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009
Maosheng Zhao,Steven W. Running +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest a reduction in the global NPP of 0.55 petagrams of carbon, which would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but would also intensify future competition between food demand and biofuel production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean
Wolfgang Cramer,Joel Guiot,Marianela Fader,Joaquim Garrabou,Joaquim Garrabou,Jean-Pierre Gattuso,Jean-Pierre Gattuso,Ana Iglesias,Manfred A. Lange,Piero Lionello,Piero Lionello,Maria Carmen Llasat,Shlomit Paz,Josep Peñuelas,Maria Snoussi,Andrea Toreti,Michael N. Tsimplis,Elena Xoplaki +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a dedicated effort to synthesize existing scientific knowledge across disciplines is underway and aims to provide a better understanding of the combined risks posed in the Mediterranean Basin, where fewer systematic observations schemes and impact models are based.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Application of ecological stoichiometry to plant-microbial-soil organic matter transformations
Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern,Katharina M. Keiblinger,Maria Mooshammer,Josep Peñuelas,Andreas Richter,Jordi Sardans,Wolfgang Wanek +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of resource stoichiometry on soil microorganisms and decomposition, specifically on the structure and function of the soil food web, have been investigated, focusing on heterotrophic microbial communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increasing aridity reduces soil microbial diversity and abundance in global drylands
Fernando T. Maestre,Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo,Thomas C. Jeffries,David J. Eldridge,Victoria Ochoa,Beatriz Gozalo,José L. Quero,Miguel García-Gómez,Antonio Gallardo,Werner Ulrich,Matthew A. Bowker,Tulio Arredondo,Claudia Barraza-Zepeda,Donaldo Bran,Adriana Florentino,Juan José Gaitán,Julio R. Gutiérrez,Julio R. Gutiérrez,Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald,Mohammad Jankju,Rebecca L. Mau,Maria N. Miriti,Kamal Naseri,Abelardo Ospina,Ilan Stavi,Deli Wang,Natasha N. Woods,Xia Yuan,Eli Zaady,Brajesh K. Singh +29 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that changes in aridity, such as those predicted by climate-change models, may reduce microbial abundance and diversity, a response that will likely impact the provision of key ecosystem services by global drylands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts, processes and potential future impacts
Dorothe A. Frank,Markus Reichstein,Michael Bahn,Kirsten Thonicke,David Frank,Miguel D. Mahecha,Pete Smith,Marijn van der Velde,Sara Vicca,Flurin Babst,Flurin Babst,Christian Beer,Christian Beer,Nina Buchmann,Josep G. Canadell,Philippe Ciais,Wolfgang Cramer,Andreas Ibrom,Franco Miglietta,Ben Poulter,Anja Rammig,Anja Rammig,Sonia I. Seneviratne,Ariane Walz,Martin Wattenbach,Miguel A. Zavala,Jakob Zscheischler +26 more
TL;DR: It is found that ecosystem responses can exceed the duration of the climate impacts via lagged effects on the carbon cycle, and forests are expected to exhibit the largest net effect of extremes due to their large carbon pools and fluxes, potentially large indirect and lagged impacts, and long recovery time to regain previous stocks.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental warming transforms multiple predator effects in a grassland food web.
TL;DR: The results portend climate caused loss of predator diversity with important consequences for food web structure and function.
Journal ArticleDOI
The nucleotidase/phosphatase SAL1 is a negative regulator of drought tolerance in Arabidopsis
Pip B Wilson,Gonzalo M. Estavillo,Katie J. Field,Katie J. Field,Wannarat Pornsiriwong,Adam J. Carroll,Katharine A. Howell,Nick S. Woo,Janice A. Lake,Steven M. Smith,A. Harvey Millar,Susanne von Caemmerer,Barry J. Pogson +12 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that alx8, fry1-1 and a T-DNA insertional knockout allele all have markedly increased resistance to drought when water is withheld from soil-grown intact plants.
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Impact of long-term drought on xylem embolism and growth in Pinus halepensis Mill.
TL;DR: The response mechanisms of 50-year-old Pinus halepensis Mill.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change at the landscape scale: predicting fine‐grained spatial heterogeneity in warming and potential refugia for vegetation
TL;DR: This paper investigated the heterogeneity in warming that has occurred in a 10 km x 10 km area from 1972 to 2007 and found that the spatial distribution of warming was greater inland, at lower elevations, away from streams, and at sites exposed to the northwest (NW).
Journal ArticleDOI
Tree growth, mortality, and above-ground biomass accumulation in a holm oak forest under a five-year experimental field drought
Romà Ogaya,Josep Peñuelas +1 more
TL;DR: The different sensitivity to drought of the dominant species of the holm oak forest may be very important determining their future development and distribution in a drier environment as expected in Mediterranean areas for the next decades.
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