Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence of current impact of climate change on life: a walk from genes to the biosphere
Josep Peñuelas,Jordi Sardans,Marc Estiarte,Romà Ogaya,Jofre Carnicer,Jofre Carnicer,Marta Coll,Adrià Barbeta,Albert Rivas-Ubach,Joan Llusià,Martín F. Garbulsky,Martín F. Garbulsky,Iolanda Filella,Alistair S. Jump,Alistair S. Jump +14 more
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TLDR
The evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction is reviewed.Abstract:
We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction. Organisms alter their gene expression and metabolism to increase the concentrations of several antistress compounds and to change their physiology, phenology, growth and reproduction in response to climate change. Rapid adaptation and microevolution occur at the population level. Together with these phenotypic and genotypic adaptations, the movement of organisms and the turnover of populations can lead to migration toward habitats with better conditions unless hindered by barriers. Both migration and local extinction of populations have occurred. However, many unknowns for all these processes remain. The roles of phenotypic plasticity and genotypic evolution and their possible trade-offs and links with population structure warrant further research. The application of omic techniques to ecological studies will greatly favor this research. It remains poorly understood how climate change will result in asymmetrical responses of species and how it will interact with other increasing global impacts, such as N eutrophication, changes in environmental N : P ratios and species invasion, among many others. The biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks on climate of all these changes in vegetation are also poorly understood. We here review the evidence of responses to climate change and discuss the perspectives for increasing our knowledge of the interactions between climate change and life.read more
Citations
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Drought-Induced Reduction in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009
Maosheng Zhao,Steven W. Running +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest a reduction in the global NPP of 0.55 petagrams of carbon, which would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but would also intensify future competition between food demand and biofuel production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean
Wolfgang Cramer,Joel Guiot,Marianela Fader,Joaquim Garrabou,Joaquim Garrabou,Jean-Pierre Gattuso,Jean-Pierre Gattuso,Ana Iglesias,Manfred A. Lange,Piero Lionello,Piero Lionello,Maria Carmen Llasat,Shlomit Paz,Josep Peñuelas,Maria Snoussi,Andrea Toreti,Michael N. Tsimplis,Elena Xoplaki +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a dedicated effort to synthesize existing scientific knowledge across disciplines is underway and aims to provide a better understanding of the combined risks posed in the Mediterranean Basin, where fewer systematic observations schemes and impact models are based.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Application of ecological stoichiometry to plant-microbial-soil organic matter transformations
Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern,Katharina M. Keiblinger,Maria Mooshammer,Josep Peñuelas,Andreas Richter,Jordi Sardans,Wolfgang Wanek +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of resource stoichiometry on soil microorganisms and decomposition, specifically on the structure and function of the soil food web, have been investigated, focusing on heterotrophic microbial communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increasing aridity reduces soil microbial diversity and abundance in global drylands
Fernando T. Maestre,Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo,Thomas C. Jeffries,David J. Eldridge,Victoria Ochoa,Beatriz Gozalo,José L. Quero,Miguel García-Gómez,Antonio Gallardo,Werner Ulrich,Matthew A. Bowker,Tulio Arredondo,Claudia Barraza-Zepeda,Donaldo Bran,Adriana Florentino,Juan José Gaitán,Julio R. Gutiérrez,Julio R. Gutiérrez,Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald,Mohammad Jankju,Rebecca L. Mau,Maria N. Miriti,Kamal Naseri,Abelardo Ospina,Ilan Stavi,Deli Wang,Natasha N. Woods,Xia Yuan,Eli Zaady,Brajesh K. Singh +29 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that changes in aridity, such as those predicted by climate-change models, may reduce microbial abundance and diversity, a response that will likely impact the provision of key ecosystem services by global drylands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts, processes and potential future impacts
Dorothe A. Frank,Markus Reichstein,Michael Bahn,Kirsten Thonicke,David Frank,Miguel D. Mahecha,Pete Smith,Marijn van der Velde,Sara Vicca,Flurin Babst,Flurin Babst,Christian Beer,Christian Beer,Nina Buchmann,Josep G. Canadell,Philippe Ciais,Wolfgang Cramer,Andreas Ibrom,Franco Miglietta,Ben Poulter,Anja Rammig,Anja Rammig,Sonia I. Seneviratne,Ariane Walz,Martin Wattenbach,Miguel A. Zavala,Jakob Zscheischler +26 more
TL;DR: It is found that ecosystem responses can exceed the duration of the climate impacts via lagged effects on the carbon cycle, and forests are expected to exhibit the largest net effect of extremes due to their large carbon pools and fluxes, potentially large indirect and lagged impacts, and long recovery time to regain previous stocks.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Variation in heat-shock proteins and photosynthetic thermotolerance among natural populations of Chenopodium album L. from contrasting thermal environments: implications for plant responses to global warming.
TL;DR: The results suggest that future global climate change will differentially impact ecotypes within species, possibly by selecting for increased basal versus inducible thermotolerance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of predicted future and current atmospheric temperature and [CO2] and high and low soil moisture on gas exchange and growth of Pinus taeda seedlings at cool and warm sites in the species range
TL;DR: Results suggest that a temperature increase of 2 °C coupled with an increase in [CO(2)] (predicted future climate) will create conditions favorable for growth of loblolly pine, and any benefit of future atmospheric conditions may be negated if soil moisture is reduced by altered precipitation patterns.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advanced breeding dates in relation to recent climate warming in a Mediterranean montane population of Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus
TL;DR: The entire breeding season seems to have been displaced towards earlier dates by adjusting breeding time to increased temperatures in prebreeding time, to which Blue Tits have been more responsive than Pied Flycatchers in the same area.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compensatory responses to loss of warming-sensitive plant species
Molly S. Cross,John Harte +1 more
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that realistic, nonrandom scenarios of species loss do not necessarily follow the general pattern of decreased productivity and dampened response to nitrogen addition with species loss that is predicted by theory and many experimental results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecologically relevant genetic variation from a non-Arabidopsis perspective.
Sophie Karrenberg,Alex Widmer +1 more
TL;DR: Analysis of this type of genetic variation in model organisms has made substantial progress, and is now being expanded to other species in order to better cover the diversity of plant life.
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