Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence of current impact of climate change on life: a walk from genes to the biosphere
Josep Peñuelas,Jordi Sardans,Marc Estiarte,Romà Ogaya,Jofre Carnicer,Jofre Carnicer,Marta Coll,Adrià Barbeta,Albert Rivas-Ubach,Joan Llusià,Martín F. Garbulsky,Martín F. Garbulsky,Iolanda Filella,Alistair S. Jump,Alistair S. Jump +14 more
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TLDR
The evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction is reviewed.Abstract:
We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution and, in some cases, local extinction. Organisms alter their gene expression and metabolism to increase the concentrations of several antistress compounds and to change their physiology, phenology, growth and reproduction in response to climate change. Rapid adaptation and microevolution occur at the population level. Together with these phenotypic and genotypic adaptations, the movement of organisms and the turnover of populations can lead to migration toward habitats with better conditions unless hindered by barriers. Both migration and local extinction of populations have occurred. However, many unknowns for all these processes remain. The roles of phenotypic plasticity and genotypic evolution and their possible trade-offs and links with population structure warrant further research. The application of omic techniques to ecological studies will greatly favor this research. It remains poorly understood how climate change will result in asymmetrical responses of species and how it will interact with other increasing global impacts, such as N eutrophication, changes in environmental N : P ratios and species invasion, among many others. The biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks on climate of all these changes in vegetation are also poorly understood. We here review the evidence of responses to climate change and discuss the perspectives for increasing our knowledge of the interactions between climate change and life.read more
Citations
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Drought-Induced Reduction in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009
Maosheng Zhao,Steven W. Running +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest a reduction in the global NPP of 0.55 petagrams of carbon, which would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but would also intensify future competition between food demand and biofuel production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean
Wolfgang Cramer,Joel Guiot,Marianela Fader,Joaquim Garrabou,Joaquim Garrabou,Jean-Pierre Gattuso,Jean-Pierre Gattuso,Ana Iglesias,Manfred A. Lange,Piero Lionello,Piero Lionello,Maria Carmen Llasat,Shlomit Paz,Josep Peñuelas,Maria Snoussi,Andrea Toreti,Michael N. Tsimplis,Elena Xoplaki +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a dedicated effort to synthesize existing scientific knowledge across disciplines is underway and aims to provide a better understanding of the combined risks posed in the Mediterranean Basin, where fewer systematic observations schemes and impact models are based.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Application of ecological stoichiometry to plant-microbial-soil organic matter transformations
Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern,Katharina M. Keiblinger,Maria Mooshammer,Josep Peñuelas,Andreas Richter,Jordi Sardans,Wolfgang Wanek +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of resource stoichiometry on soil microorganisms and decomposition, specifically on the structure and function of the soil food web, have been investigated, focusing on heterotrophic microbial communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increasing aridity reduces soil microbial diversity and abundance in global drylands
Fernando T. Maestre,Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo,Thomas C. Jeffries,David J. Eldridge,Victoria Ochoa,Beatriz Gozalo,José L. Quero,Miguel García-Gómez,Antonio Gallardo,Werner Ulrich,Matthew A. Bowker,Tulio Arredondo,Claudia Barraza-Zepeda,Donaldo Bran,Adriana Florentino,Juan José Gaitán,Julio R. Gutiérrez,Julio R. Gutiérrez,Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald,Mohammad Jankju,Rebecca L. Mau,Maria N. Miriti,Kamal Naseri,Abelardo Ospina,Ilan Stavi,Deli Wang,Natasha N. Woods,Xia Yuan,Eli Zaady,Brajesh K. Singh +29 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that changes in aridity, such as those predicted by climate-change models, may reduce microbial abundance and diversity, a response that will likely impact the provision of key ecosystem services by global drylands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts, processes and potential future impacts
Dorothe A. Frank,Markus Reichstein,Michael Bahn,Kirsten Thonicke,David Frank,Miguel D. Mahecha,Pete Smith,Marijn van der Velde,Sara Vicca,Flurin Babst,Flurin Babst,Christian Beer,Christian Beer,Nina Buchmann,Josep G. Canadell,Philippe Ciais,Wolfgang Cramer,Andreas Ibrom,Franco Miglietta,Ben Poulter,Anja Rammig,Anja Rammig,Sonia I. Seneviratne,Ariane Walz,Martin Wattenbach,Miguel A. Zavala,Jakob Zscheischler +26 more
TL;DR: It is found that ecosystem responses can exceed the duration of the climate impacts via lagged effects on the carbon cycle, and forests are expected to exhibit the largest net effect of extremes due to their large carbon pools and fluxes, potentially large indirect and lagged impacts, and long recovery time to regain previous stocks.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Response of Alaskan Arctic Tundra to Experimental Warming: Differences Between Short- and Long-term Responses
TL;DR: The response of arctic tundra to climate warming, four sites in northern Alaska were warmed for five to seven consecutive growing seasons using open-top chambers as mentioned in this paper, and change in plant community composition was measured using a point frame method.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant extinction risk under climate change: are forecast range shifts alone a good indicator of species vulnerability to global warming?
Damien A. Fordham,H. Resit Akçakaya,Miguel B. Araújo,Miguel B. Araújo,Jane Elith,David A. Keith,David A. Keith,Richard G. Pearson,Tony D. Auld,Camille Mellin,Camille Mellin,John W. Morgan,Tracey J. Regan,Mark G. Tozer,Michael J. Watts,Matt White,Brendan A. Wintle,Colin J. Yates,Barry W. Brook +18 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply a model that combines habitat suitability with demographic processes to estimate spatial distributional shifts and extinction risk under climate change, and show that predicted climate-driven changes in range area are sensitive to the underlying habitat model, regardless of whether demographic traits and their interaction with habitat patch configuration are modeled explicitly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Growth and reproduction of Antarctic vascular plants in response to warming and UV radiation reductions in the field
TL;DR: The effects of warming and UV reduction were species specific and were often cumulative over the two field seasons, emphasizing the importance of long-term field manipulations in predicting the impacts of climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal plasticity of photosynthesis: the role of acclimation in forest responses to a warming climate
TL;DR: This article investigated photosynthetic sensitivity to temperature and the potential for acclimation in relation to the climatic provenance of five species of deciduous trees, Liquidambar styraciflua, quercus rubra, Quercus falcata, Betula alleghaniensis, and Populus grandidentata.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alterations in photosynthetic pigments, protein and osmotic components in cotton genotypes subjected to short-term drought stress followed by recovery
TL;DR: It is suggested that proline, sugars and polyphenols act as main compatible solutes in cotton in order to maintain osmotic balance, to protect cellular macromolecules, to detoxify the cells, and to scavenge free radicals under water stress condition.
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