Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits.
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TLDR
Inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides, and other oligosACcharides are included as dietary fiber in food labels in the US as discussed by the authors, and they are the best known prebiotics, a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits upon host wellbring and health.Abstract:
The health benefits of dietary fiber have long been appreciated. Higher intakes of dietary fiber are linked to less cardiovascular disease and fiber plays a role in gut health, with many effective laxatives actually isolated fiber sources. Higher intakes of fiber are linked to lower body weights. Only polysaccharides were included in dietary fiber originally, but more recent definitions have included oligosaccharides as dietary fiber, not based on their chemical measurement as dietary fiber by the accepted total dietary fiber (TDF) method, but on their physiological effects. Inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides, and other oligosaccharides are included as fiber in food labels in the US. Additionally, oligosaccharides are the best known “prebiotics”, “a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits upon host well-bring and health.” To date, all known and suspected prebiotics are carbohydrate compounds, primarily oligosaccharides, known to resist digestion in the human small intestine and reach the colon where they are fermented by the gut microflora. Studies have provided evidence that inulin and oligofructose (OF), lactulose, and resistant starch (RS) meet all aspects of the definition, including the stimulation of Bifidobacterium, a beneficial bacterial genus. Other isolated carbohydrates and carbohydrate-containing foods, including galactooligosaccharides (GOS), transgalactooligosaccharides (TOS), polydextrose, wheat dextrin, acacia gum, psyllium, banana, whole grain wheat, and whole grain corn also have prebiotic effects.read more
Citations
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Bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing colon bacteria: Importance and strategies for their stimulation in the human gut
TL;DR: It has been shown that the butyrogenic effects of ITF and AXOS are the result of cross-feeding interactions between bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing colon bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Anaerostipes, Eubacterium, and Roseburia species (clostridial cluster XIVa).
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Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota.
TL;DR: The current knowledge of the impact of fiber and prebiotic consumption on the composition and metabolic function of the human gastrointestinal microbiota is reviewed, including the effects of physiochemical properties of complex carbohydrates, adequate intake and treatment dosages, and the phenotypic responses related to the composition of thehuman microbiota.
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Towards a more comprehensive concept for prebiotics
TL;DR: It is argued that advances in the understanding of diet–microbiome–host interactions challenge important aspects of the current concept of prebiotics, and especially the requirement for effects to be 'selective' or 'specific'.
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Prebiotics: Definition, Types, Sources, Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications
Dorna Davani-Davari,Manica Negahdaripour,Iman Karimzadeh,Mostafa Seifan,Milad Mohkam,Seyed Jalil Masoumi,Aydin Berenjian,Younes Ghasemi +7 more
TL;DR: Health benefits of prebiotics and their safety, as well as their production and storage advantages compared to probiotics, they seem to be fascinating candidates for promoting human health condition as a replacement or in association with probiotics.
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The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae.
Mirco Vacca,Giuseppe Celano,Francesco Maria Calabrese,Piero Portincasa,Marco Gobbetti,Maria De Angelis +5 more
TL;DR: Changes in Lachnospiraceae abundances according to health and disease are discussed and how nutrients from the host diet can influence their growth and how their metabolites can, in turn, influence host physiology are analyzed.
References
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Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota: Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics
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