Journal ArticleDOI
Global outbreak of severe Mycobacterium chimaera disease after cardiac surgery: a molecular epidemiological study
Jakko van Ingen,Thomas Kohl,Katharina Kranzer,Barbara Hasse,Peter M. Keller,Anna K. Szafrańska,Doris Hillemann,Meera Chand,Meera Chand,Meera Chand,Peter W Schreiber,Rami Sommerstein,Rami Sommerstein,Christoph Berger,Michele Genoni,Christian Rüegg,Nicolas Troillet,Andreas F. Widmer,Sören L. Becker,Sören L. Becker,Mathias Herrmann,Tim Eckmanns,Sebastian Haller,Christiane Höller,Sylvia B. Debast,Maurice J H M Wolfhagen,Joost Hopman,Jan Kluytmans,Merel Langelaar,Daan W. Notermans,Jaap ten Oever,Peter van den Barselaar,Alexander B.A. Vonk,Margreet C. Vos,Nada Ahmed,Tim Brown,Derrick W. Crook,Derrick W. Crook,Theresa Lamagni,Nick Phin,E. Grace Smith,Maria Zambon,Annerose Serr,Tim Götting,W. Ebner,Alexander Thürmer,Christian Utpatel,Cathrin Spröer,Boyke Bunk,Ulrich Nübel,Guido V. Bloemberg,Erik C. Böttger,Stefan Niemann,Dirk Wagner,Hugo Sax +54 more
TLDR
HCU contamination with M chimaera at the LivaNova factory seems a likely source for cardiothoracic surgery-related severe M chimeera infections diagnosed in Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK, the USA, and Australia.Abstract:
Summary Background Since 2013, over 100 cases of Mycobacterium chimaera prosthetic valve endocarditis and disseminated disease were notified in Europe and the USA, linked to contaminated heater–cooler units (HCUs) used during cardiac surgery. We did a molecular epidemiological investigation to establish the source of these patients' disease. Methods We included 24 M chimaera isolates from 21 cardiac surgery-related patients in Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK, 218 M chimaera isolates from various types of HCUs in hospitals, from LivaNova (formerly Sorin; London, UK) and Maquet (Rastatt, Germany) brand HCU production sites, and unrelated environmental sources and patients, as well as eight Mycobacterium intracellulare isolates. Isolates were analysed by next-generation whole-genome sequencing using Illumina and Pacific Biosciences technologies, and compared with published M chimaera genomes. Findings Phylogenetic analysis based on whole-genome sequencing of 250 isolates revealed two major M chimaera groups. Cardiac surgery-related patient isolates were all classified into group 1, in which all, except one, formed a distinct subgroup. This subgroup also comprised isolates from 11 cardiac surgery-related patients reported from the USA, most isolates from LivaNova HCUs, and one from their production site. Isolates from other HCUs and unrelated patients were more widely distributed in the phylogenetic tree. Interpretation HCU contamination with M chimaera at the LivaNova factory seems a likely source for cardiothoracic surgery-related severe M chimaera infections diagnosed in Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK, the USA, and Australia. Protective measures and heightened clinician awareness are essential to guarantee patient safety. Funding Partly funded by the EU Horizon 2020 programme, its FP7 programme, the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, and National Institute of Health Research Oxford Health Protection Research Units on Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The performance of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in lung biopsy tissue by metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Meng Fu,Le-Jie Cao,Huailing Xia,Zimei Ji,Na-Na Hu,Zai-Jun Leng,Wang Xie,Yuan Fang,Jun-Qiang Zhang,Daqing Xia +9 more
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used mNGS to detect pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung biopsy tissue obtained by CT-guide percutaneous lung puncture (CPLP) or radial endobronchial ultrasound transbranchial lung Biopsy (R-EBUS-TBLB).
Book ChapterDOI
Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Increased Awareness and Recent Developments
Astrid Lewin,Hubert Schäfer +1 more
TL;DR: Higher priority for NTM disease both in basic research and when deciding on public health measures is indicated because of new findings on infection rates, transmission routes, and nosocomial potential of NTM.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmacologic Management of Mycobacterium chimaera Infections: A Primer for Clinicians
Matt Spetalnick and Jeff Mason,Eric R. Gregory,Keith A. Foster,Megan E. Klatt,Sara Zoubek,Albert Eid +5 more
TL;DR: In addition to aggressive surgical management, combination pharmacologic therapy is the cornerstone of therapy, which should consist of a macrolide, a rifamycin, ethambutol, and amikacin in the setting of intolerances or toxicities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Real-time PCR, the best approaches for rapid testing for Mycobacterium chimaera detection in heater cooler units and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
TL;DR: This study introduces novel PMA-PCR designed to specifically detect M. chimaera in HCUs and ECMO devices; this method can replace the culture method for continuous microbiological surveillance.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Unusual Case of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
TL;DR: A 56-year-old male who presented with culture-negative endocarditis six years after his initial open-heart surgery is reported to have been diagnosed with mycobacterium chimaera infection.
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