How does climate change cause extinction
Abigail E. Cahill,Matthew E. Aiello-Lammens,M. Caitlin Fisher-Reid,Xia Hua,Caitlin J. Karanewsky,Hae Yeong Ryu,Gena C. Sbeglia,Fabrizio Spagnolo,John B. Waldron,Omar Warsi,John J. Wiens +10 more
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TLDR
The proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions and their empirical support are reviewed to support the idea that changing species interactions are an important cause of documented population declines and extinctions related to climate change.Abstract:
Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions and their empirical support. We find 136 case studies of climatic impacts that are potentially relevant to this topic. However, only seven identified proximate causes of demonstrated local extinctions due to anthropogenic climate change. Among these seven studies, the proximate causes vary widely. Surprisingly, none show a straightforward relationship between local extinction and limited tolerances to high temperature. Instead, many studies implicate species interactions as an important proximate cause, especially decreases in food availability. We find very similar patterns in studies showing decreases in abundance associated with climate change, and in those studies showing impacts of climatic oscillations. Collectively, these results highlight our disturbingly limited knowledge of this crucial issue but also support the idea that changing species interactions are an important cause of documented population declines and extinctions related to climate change. Finally, we briefly outline general research strategies for identifying these proximate causes in future studies.read more
Citations
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Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: impacts on ecosystems and human well-being
Gretta T. Pecl,Miguel B. Araújo,Miguel B. Araújo,Miguel B. Araújo,Johann D. Bell,Johann D. Bell,Julia L. Blanchard,Timothy C. Bonebrake,I-Ching Chen,Timothy Clark,Robert K. Colwell,Finn Danielsen,Birgitta Evengård,Lorena Falconi,Simon Ferrier,Stewart Frusher,Raquel A. Garcia,Raquel A. Garcia,Roger Griffis,Alistair J. Hobday,Charlene Janion-Scheepers,Marta A. Jarzyna,Sarah Jennings,Sarah Jennings,Jonathan Lenoir,Hlif I. Linnetved,Victoria Y. Martin,Phillipa C. McCormack,Jan McDonald,Jan McDonald,Nicola J. Mitchell,Tero Mustonen,John M. Pandolfi,Nathalie Pettorelli,Ekaterina Popova,Sharon A. Robinson,Brett R. Scheffers,Justine D. Shaw,Cascade J. B. Sorte,Jan M. Strugnell,Jan M. Strugnell,Jennifer M. Sunday,Mao-Ning Tuanmu,Adriana Vergés,Cecilia Villanueva,Thomas Wernberg,Erik Wapstra,Stephen E. Williams +47 more
TL;DR: The negative effects of climate change cannot be adequately anticipated or prepared for unless species responses are explicitly included in decision-making and global strategic frameworks, and feedbacks on climate itself are documented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating extinction risk from climate change
TL;DR: Estimating a global mean extinction rate was synthesized in order to determine which factors contribute the greatest uncertainty to climate change–induced extinction risks and suggest that extinction risks will accelerate with future global temperatures.
Journal ArticleDOI
The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people
Brett R. Scheffers,Luc De Meester,Tom C. L. Bridge,Tom C. L. Bridge,Ary A. Hoffmann,John M. Pandolfi,Richard T. Corlett,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Paul Pearce-Kelly,Kit M. Kovacs,David Dudgeon,Michela Pacifici,Carlo Rondinini,Wendy Foden,Tara G. Martin,Camilo Mora,David Bickford,James E. M. Watson,James E. M. Watson +19 more
TL;DR: The full range and scale of climate change effects on global biodiversity that have been observed in natural systems are described, and a set of core ecological processes that underpin ecosystem functioning and support services to people are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change
Mark C. Urban,Greta Bocedi,Andrew P. Hendry,J-B Mihoub,J-B Mihoub,Guy Pe'er,Alexander Singer,Alexander Singer,Jon R. Bridle,Lisa G. Crozier,L. De Meester,William Godsoe,Ana Gonzalez,Jessica J. Hellmann,Robert D. Holt,Andreas Huth,Andreas Huth,Karin Johst,Cornelia B. Krug,Paul Leadley,Stephen Palmer,Jelena H. Pantel,A Schmitz,Patrick A. Zollner,Justin M. J. Travis +24 more
TL;DR: This work identifies six biological mechanisms that commonly shape responses to climate change yet are too often missing from current predictive models and prioritize the types of information needed to inform each of these mechanisms, and suggests proxies for data that are missing or difficult to collect.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic isolation by environment or distance: which pattern of gene flow is most common?
TL;DR: A predominant IBE pattern of gene flow is found, which may have arisen directly through natural selection or reflect other adaptive and nonadaptive processes leading to nonrandom gene flow, which precludes gene swamping as a widespread phenomenon.
References
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Camille Parmesan,Gary W. Yohe +1 more
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Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming
TL;DR: A meta-analysis shows that species are shifting their distributions in response to climate change at an accelerating rate, and that the range shift of each species depends on multiple internal species traits and external drivers of change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs
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