Hunting, Exotic Carnivores, and Habitat Loss: Anthropogenic Effects on a Native Carnivore Community, Madagascar.
Zach J. Farris,Christopher D. Golden,Sarah M. Karpanty,Asia Murphy,Dean F. Stauffer,Felix Ratelolahy,Vonjy Andrianjakarivelo,Christopher M. Holmes,Marcella J. Kelly +8 more
TLDR
The authors' modeling results suggest hunters target intact forest where carnivore occupancy, abundance, and species richness, are highest, and demand effective management plans to target the influx of exotic carnivores and unsustainable hunting that is affecting carnivore populations across Madagascar and worldwide.Abstract:
The wide-ranging, cumulative, negative effects of anthropogenic disturbance, including habitat degradation, exotic species, and hunting, on native wildlife has been well documented across a range of habitats worldwide with carnivores potentially being the most vulnerable due to their more extinction prone characteristics. Investigating the effects of anthropogenic pressures on sympatric carnivores is needed to improve our ability to develop targeted, effective management plans for carnivore conservation worldwide. Utilizing photographic, line-transect, and habitat sampling, as well as landscape analyses and village-based bushmeat hunting surveys, we provide the first investigation of how multiple forms of habitat degradation (fragmentation, exotic carnivores, human encroachment, and hunting) affect carnivore occupancy across Madagascar's largest protected area: the Masoala-Makira landscape. We found that as degradation increased, native carnivore occupancy and encounter rates decreased while exotic carnivore occupancy and encounter rates increased. Feral cats (Felis species) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) had higher occupancy than half of the native carnivore species across Madagascar's largest protected landscape. Bird and small mammal encounter rates were negatively associated with exotic carnivore occupancy, but positively associated with the occupancy of four native carnivore species. Spotted fanaloka (Fossa fossana) occupancy was constrained by the presence of exotic feral cats and exotic small Indian civet (Viverricula indica). Hunting was intense across the four study sites where hunting was studied, with the highest rates for the small Indian civet (mean=90 individuals consumed/year), the ring-tailed vontsira (Galidia elegans) (mean=58 consumed/year), and the fosa (Cryptoprocta ferox) (mean=31 consumed/year). Our modeling results suggest hunters target intact forest where carnivore occupancy, abundance, and species richness, are highest. These various anthropogenic pressures and their effects on carnivore populations, especially increases in exotic carnivores and hunting, have wide-ranging, global implications and demand effective management plans to target the influx of exotic carnivores and unsustainable hunting that is affecting carnivore populations across Madagascar and worldwide.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing global patterns in mammalian carnivore occupancy and richness by integrating local camera trap surveys
Lindsey N. Rich,Courtney L. Davis,Zach J. Farris,David A. W. Miller,Jody M. Tucker,Sandra Hamel,Mohammad S. Farhadinia,Robin Steenweg,Mario S. Di Bitetti,Kanchan Thapa,Mamadou D. Kane,Sunarto Sunarto,Nathaniel P. Robinson,Agustin Paviolo,Paula Cruz,Quinton Martins,Navid Gholikhani,Ateih Taktehrani,Jesse Whittington,Febri Anggriawan Widodo,Nigel G. Yoccoz,Claudia Wultsch,Bart J. Harmsen,Marcella J. Kelly +23 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a framework for leveraging global camera trap data to evaluate patterns of mammalian carnivore occurrence and richness across multiple spatial scales, highlighting the importance of intact prey populations and protected areas in conserving carnivore communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological correlates of the spatial co-occurrence of sympatric mammalian carnivores worldwide
Courtney L. Davis,Lindsey N. Rich,Zachary J. Farris,Zachary J. Farris,Marcella J. Kelly,Mario S. Di Bitetti,Yamil Edgardo Di Blanco,Sebastián Albanesi,Mohammad S. Farhadinia,Navid Gholikhani,Sandra Hamel,Bart J. Harmsen,Bart J. Harmsen,Claudia Wultsch,Claudia Wultsch,Claudia Wultsch,Mamadou D. Kane,Quinton Martins,Asia Murphy,Robin Steenweg,Sunarto Sunarto,Atieh Taktehrani,Kanchan Thapa,Kanchan Thapa,Jody M. Tucker,Jesse Whittington,Febri Anggriawan Widodo,Nigel G. Yoccoz,David Miller +28 more
TL;DR: Co-occurrence probabilities were greatest for species pairs that shared ecological traits including similar body size, temporal activity pattern and diet, but decreased as compared to other species pairs when the pair included a large-bodied carnivore.
Journal ArticleDOI
Threats to a rainforest carnivore community: A multi-year assessment of occupancy and co-occurrence in Madagascar
Zach J. Farris,Zach J. Farris,Brian D. Gerber,Kim Valenta,Radoniaina R. Rafaliarison,Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison,Eileen Larney,Tsiky Rajaonarivelo,Zoavina Randriana,Patricia C. Wright,Colin A. Chapman,Colin A. Chapman +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of invasive predators, local people presence, and habitat quality on the endemic rainforest carnivore community using static, dynamic, and co-occurrence models were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
The fate of Madagascar’s rainforest habitat
Toni Lyn Morelli,Toni Lyn Morelli,Adam B. Smith,Amanda N. Mancini,Elizabeth A. Balko,Elizabeth A. Balko,Cortni Borgerson,Rainer Dolch,Zachary J. Farris,Sarah Federman,Christopher D. Golden,Sheila M. Holmes,Mitchell T. Irwin,Rachel L. Jacobs,Rachel L. Jacobs,Steig E. Johnson,Tony King,Shawn M. Lehman,Edward E. Louis,Asia Murphy,Hery N. T. Randriahaingo,H. L. Lucien Randrianarimanana,Jonah Ratsimbazafy,Onja H. Razafindratsima,Andrea L. Baden +24 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors combined decades of research to show that the suitable habitat for ruffed lemurs could be reduced by 29-59% from deforestation, 14-75% from climate change, or 38-93% from both by 2070.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improving mesocarnivore detectability with lures in camera-trapping studies
TL;DR: Although chicken was preferable for some species such as stone marten, Val–LU is most efficient for detecting the whole mesocarnivore community, including rare species suchas wildcats, in two protected areas of central Spain.
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