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Hydroxyl carlactone derivatives are predominant strigolactones in Arabidopsis

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TLDR
HO-CL derivatives are predominant SLs in Arabidopsis, produced through MAX1 and LBO, and their expected corresponding metabolites, HO-CLAs, were absent in max1 mutants.
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) regulate important aspects of plant growth and stress responses. Many diverse types of SL occur in plants, but a complete picture of biosynthesis remains unclear. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we have demonstrated that MAX1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, converts carlactone (CL) into carlactonoic acid (CLA), and that LBO, a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, converts methyl carlactonoate (MeCLA) into a metabolite called [MeCLA+16] Da. In the present study, feeding experiments with deuterated MeCLAs revealed that [MeCLA+16] Da is hydroxymethyl carlactonoate (1’-HO-MeCLA). Importantly, this LBO metabolite was detected in plants. Interestingly, other related compounds, methyl 4-hydroxycarlactonoate (4-HO-MeCLA) and methyl 16-hydroxycarlactonoate (16-HO-MeCLA) were also found to accumulate in lbo mutants. 3-HO-, 4-HO- and 16-HO-CL were detected in plants, but their expected corresponding metabolites, HO-CLAs, were absent in max1 mutants. These results suggest that HO-CL derivatives are predominant SLs in Arabidopsis, produced through MAX1 and LBO.

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Plant apocarotenoids: from retrograde signaling to interspecific communication

TL;DR: An overview on the biology of old, recently discovered and supposed plant apocarotenoid signaling molecules is provided, describing their biosynthesis, developmental and physiological functions, and role as a messenger in plant communication.
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Translation of Strigolactones from Plant Hormone to Agriculture: Achievements, Future Perspectives, and Challenges.

TL;DR: How manipulation of SL signaling can be used when developing new tools and crop varieties to address some critical challenges, such as nutrient acquisition, resource allocation, stress tolerance, and plant-parasite interactions is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI

A carlactonoic acid methyltransferase that contributes to the inhibition of shoot branching in Arabidopsis

TL;DR: This work has identified a key enzyme necessary for the production of the bioactive form(s) of SLs, an Arabidopsis methyltransferase responsible for the conversion of an inactive precursor to a biologically active SL that can interact with the SL receptor in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI

Strigolactones interact with other phytohormones to modulate plant root growth and development

TL;DR: In this article , the role of Strigolactones (SLs) and their cross-regulation with auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene in the modulation of root growth and development is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Origins and evolution of the dual functions of strigolactones as rhizosphere signaling molecules and plant hormones

TL;DR: Strigolactones play roles as a class of plant hormones and rhizosphere signaling chemicals that induce hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and seed germination of parasitic plants as mentioned in this paper .
References
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Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

TL;DR: Strigolactones are a group of sesquiterpene lactones, previously isolated as seed-germination stimulants for the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche, and a synthetic analogue, GR24, induced extensive hyphal branching in germinating spores of the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita at very low concentrations.
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Strigolactone inhibition of shoot branching

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 shoot branching mutants of pea are strigolactone deficient and that strigOLactone application restores the wild-type branching phenotype to ccd8 mutants, and that other branching mutants previously characterized as lacking a response to the branching inhibition signal also lack striglactone response.
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Inhibition of shoot branching by new terpenoid plant hormones

TL;DR: It is proposed that strigolactones act as a new hormone class—or their biosynthetic precursors—in regulating above-ground plant architecture, and also have a function in underground communication with other neighbouring organisms.
Journal ArticleDOI

Germination of Witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.): Isolation and Properties of a Potent Stimulant.

TL;DR: A crystalline germination stimulant for the rootparasite, witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.), has been isolated from cotton rootexudates and characterized as a C19H22O6 compound, although apparently different from known plant hormones.
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The Path from β-Carotene to Carlactone, a Strigolactone-Like Plant Hormone

TL;DR: Knowledge of the structure of carlactone will be crucial for understanding the biology of strigolactones and may have applications in combating parasitic weeds.
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