Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19.
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It is concluded that wearing of face masks in public corresponds to the most effective means to prevent interhuman transmission, and this inexpensive practice, in conjunction with simultaneous social distancing, quarantine, and contact tracing, represents the most likely fighting opportunity to stop the COVID-19 pandemic.Abstract:
Various mitigation measures have been implemented to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including widely adopted social distancing and mandated face covering. However, assessing the effectiveness of those intervention practices hinges on the understanding of virus transmission, which remains uncertain. Here we show that airborne transmission is highly virulent and represents the dominant route to spread the disease. By analyzing the trend and mitigation measures in Wuhan, China, Italy, and New York City, from January 23 to May 9, 2020, we illustrate that the impacts of mitigation measures are discernable from the trends of the pandemic. Our analysis reveals that the difference with and without mandated face covering represents the determinant in shaping the pandemic trends in the three epicenters. This protective measure alone significantly reduced the number of infections, that is, by over 78,000 in Italy from April 6 to May 9 and over 66,000 in New York City from April 17 to May 9. Other mitigation measures, such as social distancing implemented in the United States, are insufficient by themselves in protecting the public. We conclude that wearing of face masks in public corresponds to the most effective means to prevent interhuman transmission, and this inexpensive practice, in conjunction with simultaneous social distancing, quarantine, and contact tracing, represents the most likely fighting opportunity to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. Our work also highlights the fact that sound science is essential in decision-making for the current and future public health pandemics.read more
Citations
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SARS-CoV-2: Structure, Biology, and Structure-Based Therapeutics Development.
TL;DR: This review briefly summarized the current advances in SARS-CoV-2 research, including the epidemic situation and epidemiological characteristics of the caused disease COVID-19, and introduced the protein structures and structure-based therapeutics development including antibodies, antiviral compounds, and vaccines.
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The effect of temperature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on common surfaces.
TL;DR: These findings demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 can remain infectious for significantly longer time periods than generally considered possible and could be used to inform improved risk mitigation procedures to prevent the fomite spread of COVID-19.
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SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva.
Ni Huang,Paola Perez,Takafumi Kato,Yu Mikami,Kenichi Okuda,Rodney C. Gilmore,Cecilia Domínguez Conde,Billel Gasmi,Sydney Stein,Margaret Beach,Eileen Pelayo,José O. Maldonado,Bernard A. P. Lafont,Shyh-Ing Jang,Nadia Nasir,Ricardo J. Padilla,Valerie A. Murrah,Robert Maile,William Lovell,Shannon M. Wallet,Natalie M. Bowman,Suzanne L Meinig,Matthew C. Wolfgang,Saibyasachi N. Choudhury,Mark Novotny,Brian D. Aevermann,Richard H. Scheuermann,Gabrielle Cannon,Carlton W Anderson,Rhianna E. Lee,Julie T. Marchesan,Mandy Bush,Marcelo Freire,Adam J. Kimple,Daniel Herr,Joseph Rabin,Alison Grazioli,Sanchita Das,Benjamin N French,Thomas Pranzatelli,John A. Chiorini,David E. Kleiner,Stefania Pittaluga,Stephen M. Hewitt,Peter D. Burbelo,Daniel S. Chertow,Karen M. Frank,Janice Lee,Richard C. Boucher,Sarah A. Teichmann +49 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors generated and analyzed two single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of the human minor salivary glands and gingiva (9 samples, 13,824 cells), identifying 50 cell clusters.
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