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IL-22 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment.
Runqiu Jiang,Beicheng Sun +1 more
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TLDR
Jiang et al. as mentioned in this paper discussed the roles of IL-22 in malignant cells and immunocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME), meanwhile, the potential roles of the IL-21 as a target for drug discovery was discussed.Abstract:
Interleukin (IL)-22 belongs to the IL-10 cytokine family which performs biological functions by binding to heterodimer receptors comprising a type 1 receptor chain (R1) and a type 2 receptor chain (R2) IL-22 is mainly derived from CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, innate lymphocytes, and natural killer T cells It can activate downstream signaling pathways such as signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1/3/5, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through these heterodimer receptors Although IL-22 is produced by immune cells, its specific receptor IL-22R1 is selectively expressed in nonimmune cells, such as hepatocytes, colonic epithelial cells, and pancreatic epithelial cells (Jiang et al Hepatology 54(3):900-9, 2011; Jiang et al BMC Cancer 13:59, 2013; Curd et al Clin Exp Immunol 168(2):192-9, 2012) Immune cells do not respond to IL-22 stimulation directly within tumors, reports from different groups have revealed that IL-22 can indirectly regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) In the present chapter, we discuss the roles of IL-22 in malignant cells and immunocytes within the TME, meanwhile, the potential roles of IL-22 as a target for drug discovery will be discussedread more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
STATs in cancer inflammation and immunity: a leading role for STAT3
TL;DR: Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins are central in determining whether immune responses in the tumour microenvironment promote or inhibit cancer, and STAT3 is a promising target to redirect inflammation for cancer therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI
IL-28, IL-29 and their class II cytokine receptor IL-28R.
Paul O. Sheppard,Wayne R. Kindsvogel,Wenfeng Xu,Katherine E. Henderson,Stacy Schlutsmeyer,Theodore E. Whitmore,Rolf E. Kuestner,Ursula Garrigues,Carl W. Birks,Jenny Roraback,Craig D. Ostrander,Dennis L. Dong,Jinu Shin,Scott R. Presnell,Brian A. Fox,Betty A. Haldeman,Emily Cooper,David W. Taft,Teresa Gilbert,Francis J. Grant,Tackett Monica L,William Krivan,Gary L. McKnight,Chris Clegg,Don Foster,Kevin M. Klucher +25 more
TL;DR: A family of three cytokines, designated interleukin 28A, IL-28B and IL-29, that are distantly related to type I interferons (IFNs) and the IL-10 family are identified and may serve as an alternative totype I IFNs in providing immunity to viral infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation and Functions of the IL-10 Family of Cytokines in Inflammation and Disease
TL;DR: The IL-10 family of cytokines consists of nine members that can promote innate immune responses from tissue epithelia to limit the damage caused by viral and bacterial infections and facilitate the tissue-healing process in injuries caused by infection or inflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
RORγt and commensal microflora are required for the differentiation of mucosal interleukin 22–producing NKp46 + cells
Stephanie L. Sanos,Viet L. Bui,Viet L. Bui,Arthur Mortha,Karin Oberle,Charlotte Heners,Caroline Johner,Andreas Diefenbach,Andreas Diefenbach +8 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that signals from the commensal microflora contribute to the differentiation of a lymphocyte population coexpressing stimulatory natural killer cell receptors and the transcription factor RORγt that produced interleukin 22 (IL-22).
Journal ArticleDOI
Lymphoid tissue inducer–like cells are an innate source of IL-17 and IL-22
Hiroaki Takatori,Yuka Kanno,Wendy T. Watford,Cristina M. Tato,Greta E Weiss,Ivaylo I. Ivanov,Dan R. Littman,John J. O'Shea +7 more
TL;DR: It appears that splenic LTi-like cells are a rapid source of IL-17 and IL-22, which might contribute to dynamic organization of secondary lymphoid organ structure or host defense.