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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Impact of preexisting dengue immunity on Zika virus emergence in a dengue endemic region

TLDR
Zika transmission within a Brazilian slum community indicates that prior dengue immunity and local variations influence transmission, and the landscape of ZIKV immunity that now exists may affect the risk for future transmission.
Abstract
The clinical outcomes associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas have been well documented, but other aspects of the pandemic, such as attack rates and risk factors, are poorly understood. We prospectively followed a cohort of 1453 urban residents in Salvador, Brazil, and, using an assay that measured immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) responses against ZIKV NS1 antigen, we estimated that 73% of individuals were infected during the 2015 outbreak. Attack rates were spatially heterogeneous, varying by a factor of 3 within a community spanning 0.17 square kilometers. Preexisting high antibody titers to dengue virus were associated with reduced risk of ZIKV infection and symptoms. The landscape of ZIKV immunity that now exists may affect the risk for future transmission.

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A perspective on potential antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2.

TL;DR: It will be essential to depend on careful analysis of safety in humans as immune interventions for COVID-19 move forward, because ADE of disease cannot be reliably predicted after either vaccination or treatment with antibodies.
Journal ArticleDOI

Zika Virus Infection — After the Pandemic

TL;DR: Aedes aegypti is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause congenital defects, including microcephaly, and the virus can be passed to animals through contact chemoreception and sexual transmission.
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Infections at the maternal-fetal interface: an overview of pathogenesis and defence.

TL;DR: In this article, Megli et al. discuss how TORCH pathogens access the intra-amniotic space and overcome the placental defences that protect against microbial vertical transmission, and provide an overview of how various viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens traverse the maternal-fetal interface and cause disease.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cross-Reactive Immunity Among Flaviviruses.

TL;DR: The knowledge of the functional immune outcomes that arise from varied flaviviral immune statuses are described and the cross-reactive antibody and T cell immune responses that are protective versus pathological are addressed.
References
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Book

Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control

TL;DR: This book discusses the biology of host-microparasite associations, dynamics of acquired immunity heterogeneity within the human community indirectly transmitted helminths, and the ecology and genetics of hosts and parasites.
Journal ArticleDOI

A New Framework and Software to Estimate Time-Varying Reproduction Numbers During Epidemics

TL;DR: This tool produces novel, statistically robust analytical estimates of R that incorporates uncertainty in the distribution of the serial interval and should help epidemiologists quantify temporal changes in the transmission intensity of future epidemics by using surveillance data.
Journal ArticleDOI

Human antibody responses after dengue virus infection are highly cross-reactive to Zika virus

TL;DR: It is shown that both acute and convalescent dengue sera potently bind and neutralize ZIKV and that this cross-reactivity is also evident at the monoclonal level, suggesting that preexisting immunity to DENV may impact protective immune responses against ZikV.
Journal ArticleDOI

Structural basis of potent Zika–dengue virus antibody cross-neutralization

TL;DR: It is reported that a subset of antibodies targeting a conformational epitope isolated from patients with dengue virus also potently neutralize Zika virus, providing a lead for rational, epitope-focused design of a universal vaccine capable of eliciting potent cross-neutralizing antibodies to protect simultaneously against both Zika and d Dengue virus infections.
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