Journal ArticleDOI
In Posidonia oceanica cadmium induces changes in DNA methylation and chromatin patterning
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The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase, linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin.Abstract:
In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short- (6 h) and long- (2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.read more
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References
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The Physiology of Metal Toxicity in Plants
TL;DR: Aluminum toxicity is discussed in this paper, including general effects (symptoms and physiological effects), differential aluminum tolerance in plants, beneficial effects of aluminum, and the genetic control of aluminum tolerance.
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Engineering the Provitamin A (β-Carotene) Biosynthetic Pathway into (Carotenoid-Free) Rice Endosperm
TL;DR: Recombinant DNA technology was used to improve the nutritional value of rice, and a combination of transgenes enabled biosynthesis of provitamin A in the endosperm.
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Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits
TL;DR: The models elucidate genetic mechanisms that can initiate or contribute to rapid speciation by sexual isolation and divergence of secondary sexual characters in polygamous species.
Climate change 2007. Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report
R. K. Pachauri,Andy Reisinger +1 more
TL;DR: The fourth element of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report ''Climate Change 2007'' as mentioned in this paper is based on the assessment carried out by the three Working Groups of the Panel of the International Organization for Standardization.
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Hormonal Modulation of Plant Immunity
Corné M. J. Pieterse,Dieuwertje van der Does,Christos Zamioudis,Antonio Leon-Reyes,Saskia C. M. Van Wees +4 more
TL;DR: Evidence is emerging that beneficial root-inhabiting microbes also hijack the hormone-regulated immune signaling network to establish a prolonged mutualistic association, highlighting the central role of plant hormones in the regulation of plant growth and survival.