Journal ArticleDOI
In Posidonia oceanica cadmium induces changes in DNA methylation and chromatin patterning
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TLDR
The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase, linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin.Abstract:
In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short- (6 h) and long- (2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.read more
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References
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TL;DR: A statistical model is proposed for the probe-level data, and model-based estimates for gene expression indexes are developed, which help to identify and handle cross-hybridizing probes and contaminating array regions.
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The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla.
Olivier Jaillon,Jean-Marc Aury,Benjamin Noel,Alberto Policriti,Christian Clepet,Alberto Casagrande,Nathalie Choisne,Sébastien Aubourg,Nicola Vitulo,Claire Jubin,Alessandro Vezzi,Fabrice Legeai,Philippe Hugueney,Corinne Dasilva,David S. Horner,Erica Mica,Delphine Jublot,Julie Poulain,Clémence Bruyère,Alain Billault,Béatrice Segurens,Michel Gouyvenoux,Edgardo Ugarte,Federica Cattonaro,Véronique Anthouard,Virginie Vico,Cristian Del Fabbro,Michael Alaux,Gabriele Di Gaspero,Vincent Dumas,Nicoletta Felice,Sophie Paillard,Irena Juman,Marco Moroldo,Simone Scalabrin,Aurélie Canaguier,Isabelle Le Clainche,G Malacrida,Eléonore Durand,Graziano Pesole,Valérie Laucou,Philippe Chatelet,Didier Merdinoglu,Massimo Delledonne,Mario Pezzotti,Alain Lecharny,Claude Scarpelli,François Artiguenave,M. Enrico Pè,Giorgio Valle,Michele Morgante,Michel Caboche,Anne-Françoise Adam-Blondon,Jean Weissenbach,Francis Quetier,Patrick Wincker +55 more
TL;DR: A high-quality draft of the genome sequence of grapevine is obtained from a highly homozygous genotype, revealing the contribution of three ancestral genomes to the grapevine haploid content and explaining the chronology of previously described whole-genome duplication events in the evolution of flowering plants.
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