Interleukin (il)-6 directs the differentiation of il-4-producing cd4+ t cells
TLDR
It is shown that IL-6, probably secreted by antigen-presenting cells, is able to polarize naive CD4+ T cells to effector Th2 cells by inducing the initial production of IL-4 in CD4+, a key factor in determining the nature of the immune response.Abstract:
Interleukin (IL)-4 is the most potent factor that causes naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate to the T helper cell (Th) 2 phenotype, while IL-12 and interferon γ trigger the differentiation of Th1 cells. However, the source of the initial polarizing IL-4 remains unclear. Here, we show that IL-6, probably secreted by antigen-presenting cells, is able to polarize naive CD4+ T cells to effector Th2 cells by inducing the initial production of IL-4 in CD4+ T cells. These results show that the nature of the cytokine (IL-12 or IL-6), which is produced by antigen-presenting cells in response to a particular pathogen, is a key factor in determining the nature of the immune response.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells
Jacques Banchereau,Francine Brière,Christophe Caux,Jean Davoust,Serge Lebecque,Yong-Jun Liu,Bali Pulendran,Karolina Palucka +7 more
TL;DR: Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells with a unique ability to induce primary immune responses and may be important for the induction of immunological tolerance, as well as for the regulation of the type of T cell-mediated immune response.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression
Yekta Dowlati,Nathan Herrmann,Nathan Herrmann,Walter Swardfager,Walter Swardfager,Helena Liu,Lauren Sham,Elyse K. Reim,Krista L. Lanctôt,Krista L. Lanctôt +9 more
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of studies measuring cytokine concentration in patients with major depression reports significantly higher concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 in depressed subjects compared with control subjects, strengthening evidence that depression is accompanied by activation of the IRS.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Transcription Factor GATA-3 Is Necessary and Sufficient for Th2 Cytokine Gene Expression in CD4 T Cells
TL;DR: In transgenic mice, elevated GATA-3 in CD4 T cells caused Th2 cytokine gene expression in developing Th1 cells, indicating that Gata-3 is necessary and sufficient for Th2inflammatory gene expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES BY TGF-β*
TL;DR: The accumulated knowledge gained through extensive in vitro functional analyses and from in vivo animal models supports the concept that clinical therapies based on modulation of this cytokine represent an important new approach to the treatment of disorders of immune function.
Journal ArticleDOI
IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease
TL;DR: The effect of IL-6 on innate and adaptive immunity and the possible advantages of various antagonists ofIL-6 are discussed and how the immunobiology of IL -6 may inform clinical decisions is considered.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction
TL;DR: A new method of total RNA isolation by a single extraction with an acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform mixture is described, providing a pure preparation of undegraded RNA in high yield and can be completed within 4 h.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of TH1 CD4+ T cells through IL-12 produced by Listeria-induced macrophages
Chyi-Song Hsieh,Steven E. Macatonia,Catherine S. Tripp,Stanley F. Wolf,Anne O'Garra,Kenneth M. Murphy +5 more
TL;DR: This regulatory pathway may have evolved to enable innate immune cells, through interactions with microbial pathogens, to direct development of specific immunity toward the appropriate TH1 phenotype.
Journal Article
IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages.
TL;DR: The potent action of IL-10 on the macrophage, particularly at the level of monokine production, supports an important role for this cytokine not only in the regulation of T cell responses but also in acute inflammatory responses.
Related Papers (5)
TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties.
Tim R. Mosmann,R L Coffman +1 more