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Marine litter within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive

TLDR
The general strategy in support to the implementation of MSFD for marine litter includes various aspects such as scientific background, monitoring strategies and protocols, definition of good environmental status and targets and support to management policies.
Abstract
One of the most evident changes in the last half-century is the ubiquity and abundance of litter in the marine environment. The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) established a framework within which EU Member States shall take action to achieve the good environmental status (GES) of their marine waters by 2020. Amongst the 11 MSFD qualitative descriptors, Descriptor 10 (D 10) concerns marine litter. Here we report the general strategy in support to the implementation of MSFD for marine litter. It includes various aspects such as scientific background, monitoring strategies and protocols, definition of good environmental status and targets and support to management policies.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Benthic marine litter in shallow fishing grounds in the NW Mediterranean Sea.

TL;DR: It is proposed that government credit trading programs could be promoted to help recover litter from fishing catches, to reduce fishing costs and hazards to marine ecosystems.
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First evaluation of microplastics in two commercial fish species from the lagoons of Bizerte and Ghar El Melh (Northern Tunisia)

TL;DR: The obtained results indicate the growing threat that affects the two sampling sites and suggest the inclusion of the studied fish species on the list of marine plastic ingestion bioindicators.
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Chemical fingerprint of plastic litter in sediments and holothurians from Croatia: Assessment & relation to different environmental factors.

TL;DR: Sediment and holothurian samples from seventeen sampling sites from Croatian Islands characterized by different levels of protection resulted to affect plastic composition in sediments, and other environmental factors were significantly related to chemical composition of microplastic ingested by Holothurians.

Towards an improved framework to prevent marine plastic debris

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the state-of-the-art tools for anonymous communication in the context of cyber-bullying, including tools to identify and reason about anonymous cyberbullying.
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Nearshore survey and cleanup of benthic marine debris using citizen science divers along the Mediterranean coast of Israel

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described the patterns of benthic debris density and composition in the nearshore environment of the southeastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, and found that the majority of the marine debris in the area around the Israeli Mediterranean coast is primarily plastic.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Lost at sea: where is all the plastic?

TL;DR: It is shown that microscopic plastic fragments and fibers are also widespread in the marine environment and may persist for centuries.
Journal ArticleDOI

Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments.

TL;DR: Global plastics production and the accumulation of plastic waste are documented, showing that trends in mega- and macro-plastic accumulation rates are no longer uniformly increasing and that the average size of plastic particles in the environment seems to be decreasing.
Journal ArticleDOI

Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends.

TL;DR: Current understanding of the benefits and concerns surrounding the use of plastics are synthesized, and future priorities, challenges and opportunities are looked to.
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