Marine litter within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive
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TLDR
The general strategy in support to the implementation of MSFD for marine litter includes various aspects such as scientific background, monitoring strategies and protocols, definition of good environmental status and targets and support to management policies.Abstract:
One of the most evident changes in the last half-century is the ubiquity and abundance of litter in the marine environment. The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) established a framework within which EU Member States shall take action to achieve the good environmental status (GES) of their marine waters by 2020. Amongst the 11 MSFD qualitative descriptors, Descriptor 10 (D 10) concerns marine litter. Here we report the general strategy in support to the implementation of MSFD for marine litter. It includes various aspects such as scientific background, monitoring strategies and protocols, definition of good environmental status and targets and support to management policies.read more
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BookDOI
A Scientific Perspective on Microplastics in Nature and Society
Bart Koelmans,Sabine Pahl,Thomas Backhaus,Filipa Bessa,G. van Calster,N. Contzen,R. Cronin,Tamara S. Galloway,A. Hart,Lesley Henderson,Gabriela Kalčíková,Frank J. Kelly,B. Kolodziejczyk,E. Marku,W. Poortinga,Matthias C. Rillig,E. van Sebille,L. Steg,J. Steinhorst,J. Steidl,Kristian Syberg,Richard C. Thompson,Martin Wagner,A.P. van Wezel,Kayleigh J. Wyles,Stephanie L. Wright +25 more
TL;DR: The best available evidence suggests that microplastics and nanoplastics do not pose a widespread risk to humans or the environment, except in small pockets as discussed by the authors. But that evidence is limited, and the situation could change if pollution continues at the current rate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sampling techniques and preparation methods for microplastic analyses in the aquatic environment – A review
Friederike Stock,Christian Kochleus,Beate Bänsch-Baltruschat,Nicole Brennholt,Georg Reifferscheid +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present different techniques and methods for sampling as well as the preparation of microplastic samples from water, sediment and biota of freshwater and marine environments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Marine anthropogenic litter on British beaches: A 10-year nationwide assessment using citizen science data.
Sarah E. Nelms,Sarah E. Nelms,C Coombes,LC Foster,Tamara S. Galloway,Brendan J. Godley,Penelope K. Lindeque,Matthew J. Witt +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that plastic is the main constituent of anthropogenic litter on British beaches and the majority of traceable items originate from land-based sources, such as public littering.
Journal ArticleDOI
Questions of size and numbers in environmental research on microplastics: methodological and conceptual aspects
TL;DR: In this article, a critical reading of 55 studies containing quantitative microplastic data in waters and sediments is presented, based on existing knowledge in the field of natural colloid studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward the integrated marine debris observing system
Nikolai Maximenko,Paolo Corradi,Kara Lavender Law,Erik van Sebille,Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba,Richard S. Lampitt,François Galgani,Victor Martinez-Vicente,Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy,Joana M. Veiga,Richard C. Thompson,Christophe Maes,Delwyn Moller,Carolin R. Löscher,Anna Maria Addamo,Megan R. Lamson,Luca Centurioni,Nicole R. Posth,Rick Lumpkin,Matteo Vinci,Ana Martins,Catharina Pieper,Atsuhiko Isobe,Georg Hanke,Margo H. Edwards,Irina Chubarenko,Ernesto Rodriguez,Stefano Aliani,Manuel Arias,Gregory P. Asner,Alberto Brosich,James T. Carlton,Yi Chao,Anna-Marie Cook,Andrew B. Cundy,Tamara S. Galloway,Alessandra Giorgetti,Gustavo Goni,Yann Guichoux,Britta Denise Hardesty,Neil Holdsworth,Laurent Lebreton,Heather A. Leslie,Ilan Macadam-Somer,Thomas Mace,Mark E. Manuel,Robert Marsh,Elodie Martinez,Daniel J. Mayor,Morgan Le Moigne,Maria Eugenia Molina Jack,Matthew C. Mowlem,Rachel W. Obbard,Katsiaryna Pabortsava,Bill Robberson,Amelia-Elena Rotaru,Maria Teresa Spedicato,Martin Thiel,Alexander Turra,Chris Wilcox +59 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the structure of the future integrated marine debris observing system (IMDOS) that is required to provide long-term monitoring of the state of the anthropogenic pollution and support operational activities to mitigate impacts on the ecosystem and safety of maritime activity.
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