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Marine litter within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive

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TLDR
The general strategy in support to the implementation of MSFD for marine litter includes various aspects such as scientific background, monitoring strategies and protocols, definition of good environmental status and targets and support to management policies.
Abstract
One of the most evident changes in the last half-century is the ubiquity and abundance of litter in the marine environment. The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) established a framework within which EU Member States shall take action to achieve the good environmental status (GES) of their marine waters by 2020. Amongst the 11 MSFD qualitative descriptors, Descriptor 10 (D 10) concerns marine litter. Here we report the general strategy in support to the implementation of MSFD for marine litter. It includes various aspects such as scientific background, monitoring strategies and protocols, definition of good environmental status and targets and support to management policies.

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Plastics in soil: Analytical methods and possible sources

TL;DR: Current knowledge on available methods for the quantification and identification of plastic in soil, the quantity and possible input pathways of plastic into soil, and its fate in soil are reviewed are reviewed to ensure the applicability of these methods for soil needs to be tested.
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Current opinion: What is a nanoplastic?

TL;DR: The present work proposes a definition of nanoplastics as particles unintentionally produced and presenting a colloidal behavior, within the size range from 1 to 1000 nm, based on the recently published and unpublished research definition.
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Microplastics in sediments: A review of techniques, occurrence and effects.

TL;DR: There is a clear need for a standardized techniques, unified reporting units and more realistic effect assessments of the possible adverse effects of microplastics in sediments, according to this review.
Journal ArticleDOI

Experimental development of a new protocol for extraction and characterization of microplastics in fish tissues: First observations in commercial species from Adriatic Sea.

TL;DR: The overall results confirmed the newly developed method as a reliable approach to detect and quantify microplastics in the marine biota.
Journal ArticleDOI

A rapid-screening approach to detect and quantify microplastics based on fluorescent tagging with Nile Red

TL;DR: The development of this staining method and its initial cross-validation by comparison with infrared (IR) microscopy identified the same particles as those found by scanning a filter area with IR-microscopy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Lost at sea: where is all the plastic?

TL;DR: It is shown that microscopic plastic fragments and fibers are also widespread in the marine environment and may persist for centuries.
Journal ArticleDOI

Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments.

TL;DR: Global plastics production and the accumulation of plastic waste are documented, showing that trends in mega- and macro-plastic accumulation rates are no longer uniformly increasing and that the average size of plastic particles in the environment seems to be decreasing.
Journal ArticleDOI

Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends.

TL;DR: Current understanding of the benefits and concerns surrounding the use of plastics are synthesized, and future priorities, challenges and opportunities are looked to.
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