Journal ArticleDOI
MASCOT—The Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout Onboard the Hayabusa2 Mission
Tra-Mi Ho,Volodymyr Baturkin,Christian Grimm,Jan Thimo Grundmann,Catherin Fiona Hobbie,Eugen Ksenik,Caroline Lange,Kaname Sasaki,Markus Schlotterer,Maria Talapina,Nawarat Termtanasombat,Elisabet Wejmo,Lars Witte,Michael Wrasmann,Guido Wübbels,Johannes Rößler,Christian Ziach,Ross Findlay,Jens Biele,Christian Krause,S. Ulamec,Michael Lange,Olaf Mierheim,Roy Lichtenheldt,Maximilian Maier,Josef Reill,Hans-Jürgen Sedlmayr,P. W. Bousquet,Anthony Bellion,Olivier Bompis,Celine Cenac-Morthe,M. Deleuze,S. Fredon,Eric Jurado,Elisabet Canalias,Ralf Jaumann,Jean-Pierre Bibring,Karl-Heinz Glassmeier,David Hercik,Matthias Grott,Luca Celotti,Federico Cordero,Jeffrey Hendrikse,Tatsuaki Okada +43 more
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In this paper, a mobile asteroid surface SCOuT (MASCOT) was developed by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in collaboration with the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES).Abstract:
On December 3rd, 2014, the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) launched successfully the Hayabusa2 (HY2) spacecraft to its journey to Near Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu. Aboard this spacecraft is a compact landing package, MASCOT (Mobile Asteroid surface SCOuT), which was developed by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in collaboration with the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Similar to the famous predecessor mission Hayabusa, Hayabusa2, will also study an asteroid and return samples to Earth. This time, however, the target is a C-type asteroid which is considered to be more primitive than (25143) Itokawa and provide insight into an even earlier stage of our Solar System. Upon arrival at asteroid Ryugu in 2018, MASCOT will be released from the HY2 spacecraft and gently descend by free fall from an altitude of about 100 m to the surface of the asteroid. After a few bounces, the lander will come to rest at the surface and perform its scientific investigations of the surface structure and mineralogical composition, the thermal behaviour and the magnetic properties by operating its four scientific instruments. Those include an IR imaging spectrometer (MicrOmega, IAS Paris), a camera (MASCAM, DLR Berlin), a radiometer (MARA, DLR Berlin) and a magnetometer (MASMAG, TU Braunschweig). In order to allow optimized payload operations the thermal design of MASCOT is required to cope with the contrasting requirements of the 4-year cruise in cold environment versus the hot conditions on the surface of the asteroid. Operations up to 2 asteroid days (∼16 hours) based on a primary battery are currently envisaged. A mobility mechanism allows locomotion on the surface. The mechanism is supported by an attitude and motion sensing system and an intelligent autonomy manager, which is implemented in the onboard software that enables MASCOT to operate fully independently when ground intervention is not available.read more
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Hayabusa2 Mission Overview
Sei-ichiro Watanabe,Sei-ichiro Watanabe,Yuichi Tsuda,Makoto Yoshikawa,Satoshi Tanaka,Takanao Saiki,Satoru Nakazawa +6 more
TL;DR: The Hayabusa2 mission as mentioned in this paper was the first mission to explore a C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu (1999 JU3) to observe and explore the 900 m-sized object, and return samples collected from the surface layer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low thermal conductivity boulder with high porosity identified on C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu
Matthias Grott,Jörg Knollenberg,Maximilian Hamm,Kazunori Ogawa,Ralf Jaumann,Katharina A. Otto,Marco Delbo,Patrick Michel,Jens Biele,Wladimir Neumann,Martin Knapmeyer,Ekkehard Kührt,Hiroki Senshu,Tatsuaki Okada,Jörn Helbert,Alessandro Maturilli,Nils Müller,Axel Hagermann,Naoya Sakatani,Satoshi Tanaka,Takehiko Arai,Stefano Mottola,Shogo Tachibana,Ivanka Pelivan,Ivanka Pelivan,Line Drube,Jean-Baptiste Vincent,Hajime Yano,C. Pilorget,K-D Matz,Nicole Schmitz,Alexander Koncz,Stefan Schröder,Frank Trauthan,Markus Schlotterer,Christian Krause,Tra-Mi Ho,Aurelie Moussi-Soffys +37 more
TL;DR: In this article, in situ thermal infrared observations of a boulder on the C-type asteroid Ryugu were reported, indicating high boulder porosities as well as a low tensile strength in the few hundred kilopascal range.
Journal ArticleDOI
Highly porous nature of a primitive asteroid revealed by thermal imaging
Tatsuaki Okada,Tatsuaki Okada,Tetsuya Fukuhara,Satoshi Tanaka,Satoshi Tanaka,Satoshi Tanaka,Makoto Taguchi,Takehiko Arai,Hiroki Senshu,Naoya Sakatani,Yuri Shimaki,Hirohide Demura,Yoshiko Ogawa,Kentaro Suko,Tomohiko Sekiguchi,Toru Kouyama,Jun Takita,Tsuneo Matsunaga,Takeshi Imamura,Takehiko Wada,Sunao Hasegawa,Jörn Helbert,Thomas G. Müller,Axel Hagermann,Jens Biele,Matthias Grott,Maximilian Hamm,Maximilian Hamm,Marco Delbo,Naru Hirata,Naoyuki Hirata,Yukio Yamamoto,Yukio Yamamoto,Seiji Sugita,Seiji Sugita,Noriyuki Namiki,Kohei Kitazato,Masahiko Arakawa,Shogo Tachibana,Shogo Tachibana,Hitoshi Ikeda,Masateru Ishiguro,Koji Wada,Chikatoshi Honda,Rie Honda,Yoshiaki Ishihara,Koji Matsumoto,Moe Matsuoka,Tatsuhiro Michikami,Akira Miura,Tomokatsu Morota,Hirotomo Noda,Rina Noguchi,Kazunori Ogawa,Kazunori Ogawa,Kei Shirai,Eri Tatsumi,Eri Tatsumi,Hikaru Yabuta,Yasuhiro Yokota,Manabu Yamada,Masanao Abe,Masanao Abe,Masahiko Hayakawa,Takahiro Iwata,Takahiro Iwata,Masanobu Ozaki,Masanobu Ozaki,Hajime Yano,Hajime Yano,Satoshi Hosoda,Osamu Mori,Hirotaka Sawada,Takanobu Shimada,Hiroshi Takeuchi,Hiroshi Takeuchi,Ryudo Tsukizaki,Atsushi Fujii,Chikako Hirose,Shota Kikuchi,Yuya Mimasu,Naoko Ogawa,Go Ono,T. Takahashi,T. Takahashi,Yuto Takei,Tomohiro Yamaguchi,Tomohiro Yamaguchi,Kent Yoshikawa,Fuyuto Terui,Takanao Saiki,Satoru Nakazawa,Makoto Yoshikawa,Makoto Yoshikawa,Sei-ichiro Watanabe,Sei-ichiro Watanabe,Yuichi Tsuda,Yuichi Tsuda +97 more
TL;DR: Thermal imaging data obtained from the spacecraft Hayabusa2 reveal that the carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu is an object of unusually high porosity, which constrain the formation history of Ryugu.
Journal ArticleDOI
Images from the surface of asteroid Ryugu show rocks similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites
Ralf Jaumann,Ralf Jaumann,Nicole Schmitz,T. M. Ho,Stefan Schröder,Katharina A. Otto,Katrin Stephan,Stephan Elgner,Katrin Krohn,F. Preusker,Frank Scholten,Jens Biele,S. Ulamec,Christian Krause,Seiji Sugita,Klaus-Dieter Matz,T. Roatsch,R. Parekh,R. Parekh,Stefano Mottola,Matthias Grott,Patrick Michel,Frank Trauthan,A. Koncz,Harald Michaelis,Caroline Lange,J. T. Grundmann,Michael Maibaum,Kaname Sasaki,Friederike Wolff,Josef Reill,Aurelie Moussi-Soffys,Laurence Lorda,Wladimir Neumann,J.-B. Vincent,Roland Wagner,Jean-Pierre Bibring,Shingo Kameda,Hajime Yano,Sei-ichiro Watanabe,Sei-ichiro Watanabe,Makoto Yoshikawa,Yoshiyuki Tsuda,T. Okada,Tetsuo Yoshimitsu,Yuya Mimasu,Takanao Saiki,Hikaru Yabuta,Heike Rauer,Heike Rauer,R. Honda,Tomokatsu Morota,Y. Yokota,Toru Kouyama +53 more
TL;DR: Images from the Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout lander show that rocks on asteroid Ryugu are similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, and close-up images of a rock reveal a dark matrix with small, bright, spectrally different inclusions, implying that it did not experience extensive aqueous alteration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hop Reachable Domain on Irregularly Shaped Asteroids
TL;DR: The hopping rover is a promising solution for small celestial body surface mobility but how to predict its locomotion and landing area is challenging when considering the complex dynamical environment.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
System design of the Hayabusa 2—Asteroid sample return mission to 1999 JU3
TL;DR: The second asteroid sample return mission, designated as Hayabusa 2, was designed as a round-trip mission to the asteroid 1999 JU3 by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JEA) as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
First Halley multicolour camera imaging results from Giotto
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TL;DR: The Giotto spacecraft's Halley multicolor camera imaging results have furnished flyby images that are centered on the brightest part of the inner coma; these show the silouette of a large, solid and irregularly shaped cometary nucleus and jetlike dust activity as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Surface of Young Jupiter Family Comet 81P/Wild 2: View from the Stardust Spacecraft
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TL;DR: Images taken by the Stardust mission during its flyby of 81P/Wild 2 show the comet to be a 5-kilometer oblate body covered with remarkable topographic features, including unusual circular features that appear to be impact craters.
Journal ArticleDOI
The landing(s) of Philae and inferences about comet surface mechanical properties
Jens Biele,Stephan Ulamec,Michael Maibaum,Reinhard Roll,Lars Witte,Eric Jurado,Pablo Muñoz,Pablo Muñoz,Walter Arnold,Hans-Ulrich Auster,Carlos M. Casas,Carlos M. Casas,Claudia Faber,Cinzia Fantinati,Felix Finke,Hans-Herbert Fischer,Koen Geurts,Carsten Güttler,Philip Heinisch,Alain Herique,Stubbe F. Hviid,Günter Kargl,Martin Knapmeyer,Jörg Knollenberg,Wlodek Kofman,Norbert I. Kömle,Ekkehard Kührt,Valentina Lommatsch,Stefano Mottola,Ramon Pardo de Santayana,Ramon Pardo de Santayana,Emile Remetean,Frank Scholten,Klaus J. Seidensticker,Holger Sierks,Tilman Spohn +35 more
TL;DR: The precise circumstances of the multiple landings of Philae, including the bouncing trajectory and rebound parameters, are reported, based on engineering data in conjunction with operational instrument data, which provide information on the mechanical properties of the comet surface.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detailed Images of Asteroid 25143 Itokawa from Hayabusa
Jun Saito,Jun Saito,Hideaki Miyamoto,Hideaki Miyamoto,Ryosuke Nakamura,Masateru Ishiguro,Tatsuhiro Michikami,Akiko M. Nakamura,Hirohide Demura,Sho Sasaki,Naru Hirata,Naru Hirata,C. Honda,A. Yamamoto,Yasuhiro Yokota,Tetsuharu Fuse,Fumi Yoshida,David J. Tholen,R. W. Gaskell,Tatsuaki Hashimoto,Takashi Kubota,Y. Higuchi,Tomoki Nakamura,Paul S. Smith,K. Hiraoka,T. Honda,Shingo Kobayashi,M. Furuya,Naoya Matsumoto,E. Nemoto,A. Yukishita,K. Kitazato,Budi Dermawan,Akito Sogame,Junya Terazono,C. Shinohara,Hiroaki Akiyama +36 more
TL;DR: Rendezvous of the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa with the near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa took place during the interval September through November 2005 and the onboard camera imaged the solid surface of this tiny asteroid with a spatial resolution of 70 centimeters per pixel, revealing diverse surface morphologies.
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