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Mechanisms of Muscle Injury, Repair, and Regeneration
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TLDR
The process of muscle injury, repair and regeneration that occurs in muscular dystrophy is used as an example of chronic muscle injury to highlight similarities and differences between the injury and repair processes that occur in acutely and chronically injured muscle.Abstract:
Skeletal muscle continuously adapts to changes in its mechanical environment through modifications in gene expression and protein stability that affect its physiological function and mass. However, mechanical stresses commonly exceed the parameters that induce adaptations, producing instead acute injury. Furthermore, the relatively superficial location of many muscles in the body leaves them further vulnerable to acute injuries by exposure to extreme temperatures, contusions, lacerations or toxins. In this article, the molecular, cellular, and mechanical factors that underlie muscle injury and the capacity of muscle to repair and regenerate are presented. Evidence shows that muscle injuries that are caused by eccentric contractions result from direct mechanical damage to myofibrils. However, muscle pathology following other acute injuries is largely attributable to damage to the muscle cell membrane. Many feaures in the injury-repair-regeneration cascade relate to the unregulated influx of calcium through membrane lesions, including: (i) activation of proteases and hydrolases that contribute muscle damage, (ii) activation of enzymes that drive the production of mitogens and motogens for muscle and immune cells involved in injury and repair, and (iii) enabling protein-protein interactions that promote membrane repair. Evidence is also presented to show that the myogenic program that is activated by acute muscle injury and the inflammatory process that follows are highly coordinated, with myeloid cells playing a central role in modulating repair and regeneration. The early-invading, proinflammatory M1 macrophages remove debris caused by injury and express Th1 cytokines that play key roles in regulating the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of satellite cells. The subsequent invasion by anti-inflammatory, M2 macrophages promotes tissue repair and attenuates inflammation. Although this system provides an effective mechanism for muscle repair and regeneration following acute injury, it is dysregulated in chronic injuries. In this article, the process of muscle injury, repair and regeneration that occurs in muscular dystrophy is used as an example of chronic muscle injury, to highlight similarities and differences between the injury and repair processes that occur in acutely and chronically injured muscle.read more
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Balenine, Imidazole Dipeptide Promotes Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Regulating Phagocytosis Properties of Immune Cells
Min Yang,Luchuanyang Sun,Y. Kawabata,Fumihito Murayama,Takahiro Maegawa,Takeshi Nikawa,Katsuya Hirasaka +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that the supplementation of balenine-enriched extract promoted the regeneration stage and phagocytic activity in the balenines was significantly higher than that in the control group in vitro.
Mechanobiology and mechanotransduction in propathological cellular system
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Scaffold biomaterials and nano-based therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration.
Franco Tacchi,Franco Tacchi,Franco Tacchi,Josué Orozco-Aguilar,Josué Orozco-Aguilar,Josué Orozco-Aguilar,Danae Gutiérrez,Danae Gutiérrez,Danae Gutiérrez,Felipe Simon,Felipe Simon,Felipe Simon,Javier Salazar,Javier Salazar,Cristian Vilos,Cristian Vilos,Claudio Cabello-Verrugio,Claudio Cabello-Verrugio,Claudio Cabello-Verrugio +18 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present recent advances in scaffold biomaterials and nano-based therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration and perspectives for future endeavors, including 3D-cell printing technology and the use of nanocarriers for the release of drugs, peptides and antisense oligonucleotides support unique therapeutic alternatives.
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Improved Macrophage Enrichment from Mouse Skeletal Muscle.
Linda K. Krasniewski,Dimitrios Tsitsipatis,Elizabeth K. Izydore,Changyou Shi,Yulan Piao,Marc Michel,Payel Sen,Myriam Gorospe,Chang-Yi Cui +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper , an optimized method to isolate skeletal muscle macrophages from mice was described, which can be further used for flow cytometric analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and single-cell RNA sequencing.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
In vivo two-photon imaging of macrophage activities in skeletal muscle regeneration
Zhongya Qin,Yanyang Long,Qiqi Sun,Sicong He,Xuesong Li,Congping Chen,Zhenguo Wu,Jianan Y. Qu +7 more
TL;DR: A multi-modal two-photon microscope system for in vivo study of macrophage activities in the regenerative and fibrotic healing process of injured skeletal muscles and found that infiltrating macrophages emitted strong autofluorescence in the injured skeletal muscle of mouse model, which has not been reported previously.
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