Mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics: overview and perspectives
TLDR
By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG-modifying enzymes, and an overview of these mechanisms is provided.Abstract:
Aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics are used to treat many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive infections and, importantly, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Among various bacterial species, resistance to AGs arises through a variety of intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. The bacterial cell wall serves as a natural barrier for small molecules such as AGs and may be further fortified via acquired mutations. Efflux pumps work to expel AGs from bacterial cells, and modifications here too may cause further resistance to AGs. Mutations in the ribosomal target of AGs, while rare, also contribute to resistance. Of growing clinical prominence is resistance caused by ribosome methyltransferases. By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG-modifying enzymes. We provide here an overview of these mechanisms by which bacteria become resistant to AGs and discuss their prevalence and potential for clinical relevance.read more
Citations
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Identification of major sequence types among aminoglycoside resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from clinical samples
TL;DR: It is critical that clinicians and healthcare workers are aware of the population of S. aureus and S. epidermidis present in order to make decisions for appropriate treatment and infection control practices, and the resistance to aminoglycosides was mainly due to the presence of the aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’-Ia and aph(3') IIIa genes.
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