scispace - formally typeset
Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics: overview and perspectives

Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG-modifying enzymes, and an overview of these mechanisms is provided.
Abstract
Aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics are used to treat many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive infections and, importantly, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Among various bacterial species, resistance to AGs arises through a variety of intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. The bacterial cell wall serves as a natural barrier for small molecules such as AGs and may be further fortified via acquired mutations. Efflux pumps work to expel AGs from bacterial cells, and modifications here too may cause further resistance to AGs. Mutations in the ribosomal target of AGs, while rare, also contribute to resistance. Of growing clinical prominence is resistance caused by ribosome methyltransferases. By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG-modifying enzymes. We provide here an overview of these mechanisms by which bacteria become resistant to AGs and discuss their prevalence and potential for clinical relevance.

read more

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Citations
More filters
Journal Article

High Genomic Diversity of Multi-Drug Resistant Wastewater

TL;DR: The genomic diversity of the indicator Escherichia coli in a German wastewater treatment plant is analysed and it is found that while treatment plants reduce the amount of bacteria released into the environment, they do not reduce the potential for antibiotic resistance of these bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI

Graphene oxide and carbon dots as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents – a minireview

TL;DR: Carbon-based materials, especially graphene oxide (GO) and carbon dots (C-Dots), are promising candidates for future applications against multidrug-resistant bacteria based on their strong capacity in disruption of microbial membranes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Antibiotics, Resistome and Resistance Mechanisms: A Bacterial Perspective.

TL;DR: Proficiency of bacteria to obtain resistance genes generated an unpleasant situation; a grave, but a lot unacknowledged, feature of resistance gene transfer.
Journal ArticleDOI

Ribosome-Targeting Antibiotics: Modes of Action, Mechanisms of Resistance, and Implications for Drug Design.

TL;DR: The modes of action of many ribosome-targeting antibiotics are described, the major resistance mechanisms developed by pathogenic bacteria are highlighted, and recent advances in structure-assisted design of new molecules are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Antibiotic Resistance and the MRSA Problem

TL;DR: Besides development of new small molecules affecting cell viability, alternative approaches including anti-virulence and bacteriophage therapeutics are being investigated and may become important tools to combat staphylococcal infections in the future.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI

Activity of aminoglycosides, including ACHN-490, against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates

TL;DR: ACHn-490 has potent activity versus carbapenem-resistant isolates, except those also harbouring 16S rRNA methylases; isepamicin is also widely active, though less potent than ACHN-490.
Journal ArticleDOI

Evaluation of genetic mutations associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin: a systematic review.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a systematic review of all published studies evaluating Mtb mutations associated with resistance to AMK, KAN, CAP in order to characterize the diversity and frequency of mutations as well as describe the strength of the association between specific mutations and phenotypic resistance in global populations.
Journal ArticleDOI

Coexistence of blaOXA-23 with blaNDM-1 and armA in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from India.

TL;DR: Susceptibility testing showed increased MICs of carbapenems and an unusual phenotype of broad-spectrum high-level resistance to aminoglycosides, including amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin and tobramycin (MICs), with susceptibility to tigecycline (MIC1⁄40.5–1 mg/L).
Journal ArticleDOI

AcrD of Escherichia coli Is an Aminoglycoside Efflux Pump

TL;DR: Deletion of the acrD gene decreased the MICs of amikacin, gentamicin, neomycin, kanamycin, and tobramycin by a factor of two to eight, and DeltaacrD cells accumulated higher levels of [(3]H]dihydrostreptomycin and [(3)H]gentamicin than did the parent strain.
Journal ArticleDOI

Structural basis for the inhibition of bacterial multidrug exporters

TL;DR: The first inhibitor-bound structures of AcrB and MexB are described, in which these proteins are bound by a pyridopyrimidine derivative that binds tightly to a narrow pit composed of a phenylalanine cluster located in the distal pocket and sterically hinders the functional rotation.
Related Papers (5)