Mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics: overview and perspectives
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TLDR
By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG-modifying enzymes, and an overview of these mechanisms is provided.Abstract:
Aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics are used to treat many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive infections and, importantly, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Among various bacterial species, resistance to AGs arises through a variety of intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. The bacterial cell wall serves as a natural barrier for small molecules such as AGs and may be further fortified via acquired mutations. Efflux pumps work to expel AGs from bacterial cells, and modifications here too may cause further resistance to AGs. Mutations in the ribosomal target of AGs, while rare, also contribute to resistance. Of growing clinical prominence is resistance caused by ribosome methyltransferases. By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG-modifying enzymes. We provide here an overview of these mechanisms by which bacteria become resistant to AGs and discuss their prevalence and potential for clinical relevance.read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Indigenous and acquired modifications in the aminoglycoside binding sites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rRNAs
TL;DR: Mapping the nucleotide methylations in P. aeruginosa rRNAs is an essential step toward understanding the architecture of the aminoglycoside binding sites and the rational design of improved drugs against this bacterial pathogen.
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Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for 16S rRNA methylase genes in Gram-negative bacteria.
Mitsuaki Nagasawa,Mitsuaki Nagasawa,Mitsuaki Nagasawa,Mitsuo Kaku,Kazunari Kamachi,Keigo Shibayama,Yoshichika Arakawa,Keizo Yamaguchi,Yoshikazu Ishii +8 more
TL;DR: The LAMP method was conducted for 191 strains that were resistant to aminoglycosides based on the results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and investigated 16S rRNA methylase-producing strains among clinical isolates.
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Simple multiplex real-time PCR for rapid detection of common 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes.
Xuejun Guo,B. Dillon,B. Dillon,Andrew N. Ginn,Andrew N. Ginn,Agnieszka M. Wiklendt,Sally R. Partridge,Sally R. Partridge,Jonathan R. Iredell,Jonathan R. Iredell +9 more
TL;DR: A real-time multiplex PCR assay is developed to detect the three most common 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes (armA, rmtB and rmtC), which encode problematic high-level resistance to all clinically-relevant aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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In vitro bactericidal activity of aminoglycosides, including the next-generation drug plazomicin, against Brucella spp.
Steven C. Olsen,Steve A. Carlson +1 more
TL;DR: This study assessed the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of plazomicin against 15 clinical isolates as well as three reference strains representing Brucella abortus, Bru Cella melitensis and BrucellA suis.
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Identification of Aminoglycoside-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Producing RmtG 16S rRNA Methyltransferase in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient
Gabriela Rodrigues Francisco,Sandra Terezinha Rodrigues Nora,Maria Fernanda Campagnari Bueno,Luiz Vicente Ribeiro Ferreira da Silva Filho,Doroti de Oliveira Garcia +4 more
TL;DR: Aminoglycosides are frequently used in the therapy of airway infection for CF patients, especially in the context of nebulized inhaled therapy.