Mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics: overview and perspectives
TLDR
By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG-modifying enzymes, and an overview of these mechanisms is provided.Abstract:
Aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics are used to treat many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive infections and, importantly, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Among various bacterial species, resistance to AGs arises through a variety of intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. The bacterial cell wall serves as a natural barrier for small molecules such as AGs and may be further fortified via acquired mutations. Efflux pumps work to expel AGs from bacterial cells, and modifications here too may cause further resistance to AGs. Mutations in the ribosomal target of AGs, while rare, also contribute to resistance. Of growing clinical prominence is resistance caused by ribosome methyltransferases. By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG-modifying enzymes. We provide here an overview of these mechanisms by which bacteria become resistant to AGs and discuss their prevalence and potential for clinical relevance.read more
Citations
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Detection of Aminoglycoside Resistant Bacteria in Sludge Samples From Norwegian Drinking Water Treatment Plants
Ingvild F Ullmann,Hege Smith Tunsjø,Monica Andreassen,Kaare Magne Nielsen,Vidar Lund,Colin Charnock +5 more
TL;DR: The present study suggests that aminoglycoside resistant bacteria are present in Norwegian environments with limited anthropogenic exposures, however, the resistance mechanisms remain largely unknown, and further analyses, including culture-independent methods, could be performed to investigate other potential resistance mechanisms.
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Development of a high-throughput bioassay for screening of antibiotics in aquatic environmental samples
Tim Jonkers,Maurice Steenhuis,Louis Schalkwijk,Joen Luirink,Dirk Bald,Corine J. Houtman,Jeroen Kool,Marja H. Lamoree,Timo Hamers +8 more
TL;DR: A Gram-positive and Gram-negative strain is selected to measure antimicrobial activity in environmental samples, allowing high-throughput environmental screening and the applicability of the assays for toxicological characterization of aquatic environmental samples was demonstrated for hospital effluent extract.
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A highly substituted and fluorescent aromatic-fused imidazole derivative that shows enhanced antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
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Dioclea violacea lectin modulates the gentamicin activity against multi-resistant strains and induces nefroprotection during antibiotic exposure.
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TL;DR: Studies of inhibition of hemagglutinating activity, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking revealed that gentamicin can interact with DVL via the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), suggesting that the results obtained in this study may be directly related to the interaction of DVL-gentamicin and with the ability of the lectin to interact with glycans present in the cells of the peritoneum.
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Chemical labeling strategies for small molecule natural product detection and isolation.
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References
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