scispace - formally typeset
Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Mend Your Fences: The Epithelial Barrier and its Relationship With Mucosal Immunity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

TLDR
This review summarizes the important cellular and molecular barrier components of the intestinal epithelium and emphasizes the mechanisms leading to barrier dysfunction during intestinal inflammation.
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium can be easily disrupted during gut inflammation as seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. For a long time, research into the pathophysiology of IBD has been focused on immune cell-mediated mechanisms. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the intestinal epithelium might play a major role in the development and perpetuation of IBD. It is now clear that IBD can be triggered by disturbances in epithelial barrier integrity via dysfunctions in intestinal epithelial cell-intrinsic molecular circuits that control the homeostasis, renewal, and repair of intestinal epithelial cells. The intestinal epithelium in the healthy individual represents a semi-permeable physical barrier shielding the interior of the body from invasions of pathogens on the one hand and allowing selective passage of nutrients on the other hand. However, the intestinal epithelium must be considered much more than a simple physical barrier. Instead, the epithelium is a highly dynamic tissue that responds to a plenitude of signals including the intestinal microbiota and signals from the immune system. This epithelial response to these signals regulates barrier function, the composition of the microbiota, and mucosal immune homeostasis within the lamina propria. The epithelium can thus be regarded as a translator between the microbiota and the immune system and aberrant signal transduction between the epithelium and adjacent immune cells might promote immune dysregulation in IBD. This review summarizes the important cellular and molecular barrier components of the intestinal epithelium and emphasizes the mechanisms leading to barrier dysfunction during intestinal inflammation.

read more

Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI

Ovomucin Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier and Intestinal Bacteria to Attenuate DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of OVM from egg white on the colonic mucosal barrier and the development of colitis using a colitis C57BL/6J mice model were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Intestinal epithelial cells related lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in dextran sulphate sodium‐induced colitis

TL;DR: Function analysis showed that dysregulated mRNAs participated in TLR7 signalling pathway, IL‐1 receptor activity, BMP receptor binding and IL‐17 signalling pathway and the possibility of indirect interactions between differentially expressed m RNAs and lncRNAs was illustrated by the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.
Journal ArticleDOI

Glucocorticoid and dietary effects on mucosal microbiota in canine inflammatory bowel disease.

TL;DR: The spatial distribution of mucosal bacteria differs between IBD and HC dogs, and in response to diet and glucocorticoid administration, medical therapy was associated with beneficial changes in microbial community structure and enhanced mucosal epithelial AJP expression.
Journal ArticleDOI

The intestinal quorum sensing 3-oxo-C12:2 Acyl homoserine lactone limits cytokine-induced tight junction disruption.

TL;DR: The role of 3-oxo-C12:2 in maintaining TJ integrity under inflammatory conditions identifies this new AHL as a potential beneficial actor of host–microbiota interactions in IBD.
Journal ArticleDOI

Dioscin prevents DSS-induced colitis in mice with enhancing intestinal barrier function and reducing colon inflammation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the protective effect and preliminary mechanism of Dioscin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and showed that Dioscan reduced DSS-induced disease activity index (DAI) increase, colon length shortening and colon pathological damage.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI

Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5

TL;DR: The expression pattern of Lgr5 suggests that it marks stem cells in multiple adult tissues and cancers, suggesting that it represents the stem cell of the small intestine and colon.
Journal ArticleDOI

A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease

TL;DR: It is shown that a frameshift mutation caused by a cytosine insertion, 3020insC, which is expected to encode a truncated NOD2 protein, is associated with Crohn's disease, and a link between an innate immune response to bacterial components and development of disease is suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Nuclear Factor NF-κB Pathway in Inflammation

TL;DR: How genetic evidence in mice has revealed complex roles for the NF-kappaB in inflammation that suggest both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles for this pathway is described.
Journal ArticleDOI

Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity.

TL;DR: This review, inspired by a spate of recent studies ofdefensins in human diseases and animal models, focuses on the biological function of defensins.
Related Papers (5)