Morphometry and Average Temperature Affect Lake Stratification Responses to Climate Change
Benjamin M. Kraemer,Orlane Anneville,Sudeep Chandra,Margaret Dix,Esko Kuusisto,David M. Livingstone,Alon Rimmer,S. Geoffrey Schladow,Eugene A. Silow,Lewis Sitoki,Rashid Tamatamah,Yvonne Vadeboncoeur,Peter B. McIntyre +12 more
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This article used long-term temperature data (1970-2010) from 26 lakes around the world to show that climate change has altered lake stratification globally and that the magnitudes of lake changes are primarily controlled by lake morphometry (mean depth, surface area and volume) and mean lake temperature.Abstract:
Climate change is affecting lake stratification with consequences for water quality and the benefits that lakes provide to society. Here we use long-term temperature data (1970–2010) from 26 lakes around the world to show that climate change has altered lake stratification globally and that the magnitudes of lake stratification changes are primarily controlled by lake morphometry (mean depth, surface area, and volume) and mean lake temperature. Deep lakes and lakes with high average temperatures have experienced the largest changes in lake stratification even though their surface temperatures tend to be warming more slowly. These results confirm that the nonlinear relationship between water density and water temperature and the strong dependence of lake stratification on lake morphometry makes lake temperature trends relatively poor predictors of lake stratification trends.read more
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Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity
Andrea J. Reid,Andrew K. Carlson,Irena F. Creed,Erika J. Eliason,Peter Gell,Pieter T. J. Johnson,Karen A. Kidd,Tyson J. MacCormack,Julian D. Olden,Steve J. Ormerod,John P. Smol,William W. Taylor,Klement Tockner,Jesse C. Vermaire,David Dudgeon,Steven J. Cooke +15 more
TL;DR: Efforts to reverse global trends in freshwater degradation now depend on bridging an immense gap between the aspirations of conservation biologists and the accelerating rate of species endangerment.
Global trends in wind speed and wave height over the past 25 years
TL;DR: A 23-year database of calibrated and validated satellite altimeter measurements is used to investigate global changes in oceanic wind speed and wave height over this period and finds a general global trend of increasing values of windspeed and, to a lesser degree, wave height.
Journal ArticleDOI
Widespread global increase in intense lake phytoplankton blooms since the 1980s
TL;DR: Three decades of high-resolution Landsat 5 satellite imagery are used to investigate long-term trends in intense summertime near-surface phytoplankton blooms for 71 large lakes globally, revealing a worldwide exacerbation of bloom conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2011
TL;DR: The parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three panels of experts, one of which is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with two focal issues, the effects of increased UV radiation on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials and interactions between UV radiation and global climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global change-driven effects on dissolved organic matter composition : Implications for food webs of northern lakes
Irena F. Creed,Ann-Kristin Bergström,Charles G. Trick,Nancy B. Grimm,Dag O. Hessen,Jan Karlsson,Karen A. Kidd,Emma S. Kritzberg,Diane M. McKnight,Erika C. Freeman,Oscar E. Senar,Agneta Andersson,Jenny Ask,Martin Berggren,Mehdi Cherif,Reiner Giesler,Erin R. Hotchkiss,Pirkko Kortelainen,Monica M. Palta,Tobias Vrede,Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer +20 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that global change in northern regions leads not only to reduced primary productivity but also to nutritionally poorer lake food webs, with discernible consequences for the trophic web to fish and humans.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
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Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall's Tau
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and robust estimator of regression coefficient β based on Kendall's rank correlation tau is studied, where the point estimator is the median of the set of slopes (Yj - Yi )/(tj-ti ) joining pairs of points with ti ≠ ti.
Book
Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis : contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a historical overview of climate change science, including changes in atmospheric constituents and radiative forcing, as well as changes in snow, ice, and frozen ground.
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A Rank-Invariant Method of Linear and Polynomial Regression Analysis
TL;DR: In most cases, the assumption that one of the variables is normally distributed with constant variance, its mean being a function of the other variables, is not always satisfied, and in most cases difficult to ascertain this paper.
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Lakes as sentinels of climate change
Rita Adrian,Catherine M. O'Reilly,Horacio E. Zagarese,Stephen B. Baines,Dag O. Hessen,Wendel Keller,David M. Livingstone,Ruben Sommaruga,Dietmar Straile,Ellen Van Donk,Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer,Monika Winder +11 more
TL;DR: This work has identified the key response variables within a lake that act as indicators of the effects of climate change on both the lake and the catchment, which reflect a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological responses to climate.
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