Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease
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TLDR
Remediation and management prospects for cognitive deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease are based on neuropharmacological and cognitive rehabilitation approaches, supplemented by advances in neuroimaging and genetic research.Abstract:
Cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease is gaining increased clinical significance owing to the relative success of therapeutic approaches to the motor symptoms of this disorder. Early investigations contributed to the concept of subcortical dementia associated with bradyphrenia and cognitive rigidity. For cognition in parkinsonian disorders, this notion developed into the concept of mild cognitive impairment and fronto-executive dysfunction in particular, driven mainly by dopaminergic dysmodulation and manifesting as deficits in flexibility, planning, working memory, and reinforcement learning. However, patients with Parkinson's disease could also develop a syndrome of dementia that might depend on non-dopaminergic, cholinergic cortical dysfunction. Recent findings, supplemented by advances in neuroimaging and genetic research, reveal substantial heterogeneity in the range of cognitive deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease. Remediation and management prospects for these cognitive deficits are based on neuropharmacological and cognitive rehabilitation approaches.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Identifying prodromal Parkinson's disease: Pre-Motor disorders in Parkinson's disease
Ronald B. Postuma,Dag Aarsland,Paolo Barone,David J. Burn,Christopher Hawkes,Wolfgang H. Oertel,Tjalf Ziemssen +6 more
TL;DR: The evidence for the utility of olfaction, RBD, autonomic markers, visual changes, mood disorders, and cognitive loss as markers of prodromal PD and the potential sensitivity and specificity of these markers are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease: diagnosis, biomarkers, and treatment
TL;DR: Preliminary findings show that imaging and neurophysiological and peripheral biomarkers could be useful in diagnosis and prognosis of Parkinson's disease, and emerging evidence suggests that memantine might also be useful.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: the dual syndrome hypothesis.
TL;DR: The dual syndrome hypothesis is distinguished, which distinguishes between dopaminergically mediated fronto-striatal executive impairments and a dementia syndrome with distinctive prodromal visuospatial deficits in which cholinergic treatments offer some clinical benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropathology of sporadic Parkinson's disease: Evaluation and changes of concepts
TL;DR: Recent research has improved both the clinical and neuropathological diagnostic criteria of PD and provided insights into the development and staging of αSyn and Lewy pathologies and has been useful in understanding the pathogenesis of PD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lewy body dementias
Zuzana Walker,Zuzana Walker,Katherine L. Possin,Bradley F Boeve,Dag Aarsland,Dag Aarsland,Dag Aarsland +6 more
TL;DR: The most pertinent progress from the past 10 years is summarized, outlining some of the challenges for the future, which will require refinement of diagnosis and clarification of the pathogenesis, leading to disease-modifying treatments.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Serge Gauthier,Barry Reisberg,Michael Zaudig,Ronald C. Petersen,Karen Ritchie,Karl Broich,Sylvie Belleville,Henry Brodaty,David A. Bennett,Howard Chertkow,Jeffrey L. Cummings,Mony J. de Leon,Howard Feldman,Mary Ganguli,Harald Hampel,Philip Scheltens,Mary C. Tierney,Peter J. Whitehouse,Bengt Winblad +18 more
TL;DR: Mild cognitive impairment can be regarded as a risk state for dementia, and its identification could lead to secondary prevention by controlling risk factors such as systolic hypertension.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease
TL;DR: This article reviews what is known about the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of PD from epidemiological studies and suggests that major gene mutations cause only a small proportion of all cases.
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