New Variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor with Attributes of the Classical Biotype from Hospitalized Patients with Acute Diarrhea in Bangladesh
G. Balakrish Nair,Shah M. Faruque,Nurul A. Bhuiyan,M. Kamruzzaman,A. K. Siddique,David A. Sack +5 more
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TLDR
There are possible naturally occurring genetic hybrids between the classical and El Tor biotypes that can cause cholera and thus provide new insight into the epidemiology of cholERA in Bangladesh.Abstract:
The sixth pandemic of cholera and, presumably, the earlier pandemics were caused by the classical biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1, which was progressively replaced by the El Tor biotype representing the seventh cholera pandemic. Although the classical biotype of V. cholerae O1 is extinct, even in southern Bangladesh, the last of the niches where this biotype prevailed, we have identified new varieties of V. cholerae O1, of the El Tor biotype with attributes of the classical biotype, from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Bangladesh. Twenty-four strains of V. cholerae O1 isolated between 1991 and 1994 from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh, were examined for the phenotypic and genotypic traits that distinguish the two biotypes of V. cholerae O1. Standard reference strains of V. cholerae O1 belonging to the classical and El Tor biotypes were used as controls in all of the tests. The phenotypic traits commonly used to distinguish between the El Tor and classical biotypes, including polymyxin B sensitivity, chicken cell agglutination, type of tcpA and rstR genes, and restriction patterns of conserved rRNA genes (ribotypes), differentiated the 24 strains of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 into three types designated the Matlab types. Although all of the strains belonged to ribotypes that have been previously found among El Tor vibrios, type I strains had more traits of the classical biotype while type II and III strains appeared to be more like the El Tor biotype but had some classical biotype properties. These results suggest that, although the classical and El Tor biotypes have different lineages, there are possible naturally occurring genetic hybrids between the classical and El Tor biotypes that can cause cholera and thus provide new insight into the epidemiology of cholera in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the existence of such novel strains may have implications for the development of a cholera vaccine.read more
Citations
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Chen-Shan Chin,Jon M. Sorenson,Jason B. Harris,William P. Robins,Richelle C. Charles,Roger R. Jean-Charles,James H. Bullard,Dale R. Webster,Andrew Kasarskis,Paul Peluso,Ellen E. Paxinos,Yoshiharu Yamaichi,Stephen B. Calderwood,John J. Mekalanos,Eric E. Schadt,Matthew K. Waldor,Matthew K. Waldor +16 more
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G. Balakrish Nair,Thandavarayan Ramamurthy,Sujit K. Bhattacharya,B. Dutta,Yoshifumi Takeda,David A. Sack +5 more
TL;DR: This review traces the genesis, virulence features, molecular characteristics, serotype variants, environmental occurrence, and global spread of this unique clone of V. parahaemolyticus that has now spread into Asia, America, Africa, and Europe.
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Jongsik Chun,Christopher J. Grim,Nur A. Hasan,Jehee Lee,Seon Young Choi,Bradd J. Haley,Elisa Taviani,Yoon-Seong Jeon,Dong Wook Kim,Jaehak Lee,Thomas Brettin,David Bruce,Jean F. Challacombe,J. Chris Detter,Cliff Han,A. Christine Munk,Olga Chertkov,Linda Meincke,Elizabeth Saunders,Ronald A. Walters,Anwar Huq,G. Balakrish Nair,Rita R. Colwell +22 more
TL;DR: Based on the comparative genomics, it is concluded that V. cholerae undergoes extensive genetic recombination via lateral gene transfer, and, therefore, genome assortment, not serogroup, should be used to define pathogenic V.cholerae clones.
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