Comparative genomics reveals mechanism for short-term and long-term clonal transitions in pandemic Vibrio cholerae.
Jongsik Chun,Christopher J. Grim,Nur A. Hasan,Jehee Lee,Seon Young Choi,Bradd J. Haley,Elisa Taviani,Yoon-Seong Jeon,Dong Wook Kim,Jaehak Lee,Thomas Brettin,David Bruce,Jean F. Challacombe,J. Chris Detter,Cliff Han,A. Christine Munk,Olga Chertkov,Linda Meincke,Elizabeth Saunders,Ronald A. Walters,Anwar Huq,G. Balakrish Nair,Rita R. Colwell +22 more
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TLDR
Based on the comparative genomics, it is concluded that V. cholerae undergoes extensive genetic recombination via lateral gene transfer, and, therefore, genome assortment, not serogroup, should be used to define pathogenic V.cholerae clones.Abstract:
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a bacterium autochthonous to the aquatic environment, and a serious public health threat. V. cholerae serogroup O1 is responsible for the previous two cholera pandemics, in which classical and El Tor biotypes were dominant in the sixth and the current seventh pandemics, respectively. Cholera researchers continually face newly emerging and reemerging pathogenic clones carrying diverse combinations of phenotypic and genotypic properties, which significantly hampered control of the disease. To elucidate evolutionary mechanisms governing genetic diversity of pandemic V. cholerae, we compared the genome sequences of 23 V. cholerae strains isolated from a variety of sources over the past 98 years. The genome-based phylogeny revealed 12 distinct V. cholerae lineages, of which one comprises both O1 classical and El Tor biotypes. All seventh pandemic clones share nearly identical gene content. Using analogy to influenza virology, we define the transition from sixth to seventh pandemic strains as a “shift” between pathogenic clones belonging to the same O1 serogroup, but from significantly different phyletic lineages. In contrast, transition among clones during the present pandemic period is characterized as a “drift” between clones, differentiated mainly by varying composition of laterally transferred genomic islands, resulting in emergence of variants, exemplified by V. cholerae O139 and V. cholerae O1 El Tor hybrid clones. Based on the comparative genomics it is concluded that V. cholerae undergoes extensive genetic recombination via lateral gene transfer, and, therefore, genome assortment, not serogroup, should be used to define pathogenic V. cholerae clones.read more
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Proposed minimal standards for the use of genome data for the taxonomy of prokaryotes
Jongsik Chun,Aharon Oren,Antonio Ventosa,Henrik Christensen,David R. Arahal,Milton S. da Costa,Alejandro P. Rooney,Hana Yi,Xue-Wei Xu,Sofie E. De Meyer,Martha E. Trujillo +10 more
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TL;DR: The Haitian epidemic is probably the result of the introduction, through human activity, of a V. cholerae strain from a distant geographic source, and analysis of genomic variation of the Haitian isolates reveals a more distant relationship with circulating South American isolates.
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Evidence for several waves of global transmission in the seventh cholera pandemic
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TL;DR: This special issue of International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology contains both original research and review articles covering the use of genomic sequence data in microbial taxonomy and systematics, and outlines of approaches for incorporating genomics into new strain isolation to new taxon description workflows.
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Automated Reconstruction of Whole-Genome Phylogenies from Short-Sequence Reads
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