Nitrate and nitrite in biology, nutrition and therapeutics
Jon O. Lundberg,Mark T. Gladwin,Amrita Ahluwalia,Nigel Benjamin,Nathan S. Bryan,Anthony R. Butler,Pedro Cabrales,Angela Fago,Martin Feelisch,Peter C. Ford,Bruce A. Freeman,Michael P. Frenneaux,Joel M. Friedman,Malte Kelm,Christopher G. Kevil,Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro,Andrey V. Kozlov,Jack R. Lancaster,David J. Lefer,Kenneth E.L. McColl,Kenneth R. McCurry,Rakesh P. Patel,Joel Petersson,Tienush Rassaf,Valentin Reutov,George B. Richter-Addo,Alan N. Schechter,Sruti Shiva,Koichiro Tsuchiya,Ernst E. van Faassen,Andrew J. Webb,Brian S. Zuckerbraun,Jay L. Zweier,Eddie Weitzberg +33 more
TLDR
The latest advances in the understanding of the biochemistry, physiology and therapeutics of nitrate, nitrite and NO were discussed during a recent 2-day meeting at the Nobel Forum, Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm.Abstract:
Inorganic nitrate and nitrite from endogenous or dietary sources are metabolized in vivo to nitric oxide (NO) and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. The nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is emerging as an important mediator of blood flow regulation, cell signaling, energetics and tissue responses to hypoxia. The latest advances in our understanding of the biochemistry, physiology and therapeutics of nitrate, nitrite and NO were discussed during a recent 2-day meeting at the Nobel Forum, Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm.read more
Citations
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The emerging role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in redox biology and some implications for plasma applications to medicine and biology
TL;DR: The importance of ROS and RNS to plant biology has been relatively little appreciated in the plasma biomedicine community, but it appears that there are opportunities for useful applications of plasmas in this area as well.
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The oral microbiome – an update for oral healthcare professionals
Mogens Kilian,Iain L. C. Chapple,M Hannig,Philip Marsh,Vincent Meuric,Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen,Maurizio S. Tonetti,William G. Wade,Egija Zaura +8 more
TL;DR: An update on the current knowledge of the oral microbiome in health and disease is given and implications for modern-day oral healthcare are discussed.
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Dietary inorganic nitrate improves mitochondrial efficiency in humans.
Filip J. Larsen,Tomas A. Schiffer,Sara Borniquel,Kent Sahlin,Björn Ekblom,Jon O. Lundberg,Eddie Weitzberg +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that dietary nitrate has profound effects on basal mitochondrial function and whole-body oxygen consumption in healthy volunteers and may have implications for exercise physiology- and lifestyle-related disorders that involve dysfunctional mitochondria.
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Nitric oxide signalling in cardiovascular health and disease
TL;DR: The updated paradigms on NOS regulation, NO interaction with reactive oxidant species in specific subcellular compartments, and downstream effects of NO in target cardiovascular tissues are summarized, while emphasizing the latest developments of molecular tools and biomarkers to modulate and monitor NO production and bioavailability.
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Strategies to increase nitric oxide signalling in cardiovascular disease
TL;DR: This Review discusses the identification of new pathways for enhancing NO synthase activity; ways to amplify the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway; novel classes of NO-donating drugs; drugs that limit NO metabolism through effects on reactive oxygen species; and ways to modulate downstream phosphodiesterases and soluble guanylyl cyclases.
References
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The nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics
TL;DR: This Review discusses the emerging important biological functions of the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway, and highlights studies that implicate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and gastric ulceration.
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Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation.
Kenyatta Cosby,Kristine S. Partovi,Jack H. Crawford,Rakesh P. Patel,Christopher D. Reiter,Sabrina Martyr,Benjamin K. Yang,Myron A. Waclawiw,Gloria Zalos,Xiuli Xu,Kris T. Huang,Howard Shields,Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro,Alan N. Schechter,Richard O. Cannon,Mark T. Gladwin +15 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that nitrite represents a major bioavailable pool of NO, and a new physiological function for hemoglobin as a nitrite reductase is described, potentially contributing to hypoxic vasodilation.
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S-nitrosohaemoglobin: a dynamic activity of blood involved in vascular control
TL;DR: In this article, the role of S-nitrosohaemoglobin in the transduction of NO-related activities may have therapeutic applications, highlighting newly discovered allosteric and electronic properties of haemoglobin that appear to be involved in the control of blood pressure.
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Acute Blood Pressure Lowering, Vasoprotective, and Antiplatelet Properties of Dietary Nitrate via Bioconversion to Nitrite
Andrew J. Webb,Nakul Patel,Stavros P. Loukogeorgakis,M Okorie,Zainab Aboud,Shivani Misra,Rahim Rashid,Philip Miall,John E. Deanfield,Nigel Benjamin,Raymond J. MacAllister,Adrian J. Hobbs,Amrita Ahluwalia +12 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that dietary nitrate underlies the beneficial effects of a vegetable-rich diet and highlights the potential of a “natural” low cost approach for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Enzyme-independent formation of nitric oxide in biological tissues
TL;DR: It is reported that NO�’ can also be generated in the ischaemic heart by direct reduction of nitrite to NO˙ under the acidotic and highly reduced conditions that occur.