PGC-1 coactivators: inducible regulators of energy metabolism in health and disease
Brian N. Finck,Daniel P. Kelly +1 more
TLDR
This Review focuses on the biologic and physiologic functions of the PGC-1 coactivators, with particular emphasis on striated muscle, liver, and other organ systems relevant to common diseases such as diabetes and heart failure.Abstract:
Members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily relay physiologic and nutritional cues to critical gene regulatory responses. The molecular links between external stimuli, cellular signaling events, and NR-mediated transcriptional control are currently being unraveled. New information emerging over the past decade has demonstrated that NRs receive regulatory input through multiple mechanisms including levels of endogenous ligand, availability of heterodimeric NR partners, and posttranslational modifications. Activating signals trigger the recruitment of coactivator complexes onto the NR platform, leading to enzymatic modification of chromatin, increased access of the RNA polymerase II machinery to RNA, and activation of target gene transcription (Figure (Figure1).1). Availability of certain coactivator proteins also serves critical regulatory functions linking physiologic stimuli to NR activity. Perhaps the best example of this latter mechanism involves the PPARγ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional coactivators. PGC-1 coactivators serve as inducible NR “boosters” to equip the organism to meet the energy demands of diverse physiologic and dietary conditions. This Review will focus on the role of this interesting coactivator family in the control of organ-specific biologic responses to the physiologic and pathophysiologic milieu. Emphasis will be given to tissue-specific regulatory features relevant to heart failure and diabetes.
Figure 1
The PGC-1 coactivator family: inducible boosters of gene transcription. (A) The schematic uses generic NRs as an example of how inducible PGC-1 coactivators dock to transcription factor targets and recruit protein complexes that activate transcription ...read more
Citations
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Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
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The failing heart--an engine out of fuel.
TL;DR: This review describes cardiac energy metabolism, appraises the methods used for its assessment, evaluates the role of impaired energy metabolism in heart failure, and gives options for metabolic therapy.
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Myocardial Fatty Acid Metabolism in Health and Disease
TL;DR: The regulation of myocardial fatty acid beta-oxidation is reviewed and how alterations in fatty acid Beta-Oxidation can contribute to heart disease is discussed.
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Transcriptional Paradigms in Mammalian Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function
TL;DR: These transcriptional paradigms provide a basic framework for understanding the integration of mitochondrial biogenesis and function with signaling events that dictate cell- and tissue-specific energetic properties.
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Signals from the lysosome: a control centre for cellular clearance and energy metabolism.
TL;DR: The identification of a master regulator, transcription factor EB (TFEB), that regulates lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy has revealed how the lyssome adapts to environmental cues, such as starvation, and targeting TFEB may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for modulating lysOSomal function in human disease.
References
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PGC-1alpha-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes
Vamsi K. Mootha,Cecilia M. Lindgren,Cecilia M. Lindgren,Karl-Fredrik Eriksson,Aravind Subramanian,Smita Sihag,J. Lehar,Pere Puigserver,Emma Carlsson,Martin Ridderstråle,Esa Laurila,Nicholas E. Houstis,Mark J. Daly,Nick Patterson,Jill P. Mesirov,Todd R. Golub,Todd R. Golub,Pablo Tamayo,Bruce M. Spiegelman,Eric S. Lander,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Joel N. Hirschhorn,David Altshuler,Leif Groop +24 more
TL;DR: An analytical strategy is introduced, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, designed to detect modest but coordinate changes in the expression of groups of functionally related genes, which identifies a set of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation whose expression is coordinately decreased in human diabetic muscle.
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Mechanisms Controlling Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Respiration through the Thermogenic Coactivator PGC-1
Zhidan Wu,Pere Puigserver,Ulf Andersson,Chen-Yu Zhang,Guillaume Adelmant,Vamsi K. Mootha,Amy E Troy,Saverio Cinti,Bradford B. Lowell,Richard C. Scarpulla,Bruce M. Spiegelman +10 more
TL;DR: PGC-1, a cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in muscle cells through an induction of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) and through regulation of the nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs).
Journal ArticleDOI
A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis.
Pere Puigserver,Zhidan Wu,Cheol Won Park,Reed A. Graves,Margaret E. Wright,Bruce M. Spiegelman +5 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that PGC-1 plays a key role in linking nuclear receptors to the transcriptional program of adaptive thermogenesis.