Phase transition of RNA-protein complexes into ordered hollow condensates.

TLDR: The findings suggest that protein−RNA complexes can robustly create lipid-free vesicle-like enclosures by phase separation, and suggest that liquid−liquid phase separation of multivalent intrinsically disordered protein− RNA complexes is ubiquitous in both natural and biomimetic systems.

Abstract: Liquid-liquid phase separation of multivalent intrinsically disordered protein-RNA complexes is ubiquitous in both natural and biomimetic systems So far, isotropic liquid droplets are the most commonly observed topology of RNA-protein condensates in experiments and simulations Here, by systematically studying the phase behavior of RNA-protein complexes across varied mixture compositions, we report a hollow vesicle-like condensate phase of nucleoprotein assemblies that is distinct from RNA-protein droplets We show that these vesicular condensates are stable at specific mixture compositions and concentration regimes within the phase diagram and are formed through the phase separation of anisotropic protein-RNA complexes Similar to membranes composed of amphiphilic lipids, these nucleoprotein-RNA vesicular membranes exhibit local ordering, size-dependent permeability, and selective encapsulation capacity without sacrificing their dynamic formation and dissolution in response to physicochemical stimuli Our findings suggest that protein-RNA complexes can robustly create lipid-free vesicle-like enclosures by phase separation