Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review.
Junxiong Pang,Min Xian Wang,Ian Yi Han Ang,Sharon Hui Xuan Tan,Ruth Frances Lewis,Jacinta I-Pei Chen,Ramona Alikiiteaga Gutiérrez,Sylvia Xiao Wei Gwee,Pearleen Ee Yong Chua,Qian Yang,Xian Yi Ng,Rowena K.S. Yap,Hao Yi Tan,Yik Ying Teo,Chorh Chuan Tan,Alex R. Cook,Jason Yap,Li Yang Hsu +17 more
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TLDR
A systematic search was carried out in three major electronic databases to identify published studies in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and there are currently no effective specific antivirals or drug combinations supported by high-level evidence.Abstract:
Rapid diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics are important interventions for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. It is timely to systematically review the potential of these interventions, including those for Middle East respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, to guide policymakers globally on their prioritization of resources for research and development. A systematic search was carried out in three major electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library) to identify published studies in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Supplementary strategies through Google Search and personal communications were used. A total of 27 studies fulfilled the criteria for review. Several laboratory protocols for confirmation of suspected 2019-nCoV cases using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have been published. A commercial RT-PCR kit developed by the Beijing Genomic Institute is currently widely used in China and likely in Asia. However, serological assays as well as point-of-care testing kits have not been developed but are likely in the near future. Several vaccine candidates are in the pipeline. The likely earliest Phase 1 vaccine trial is a synthetic DNA-based candidate. A number of novel compounds as well as therapeutics licensed for other conditions appear to have in vitro efficacy against the 2019-nCoV. Some are being tested in clinical trials against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, while others have been listed for clinical trials against 2019-nCoV. However, there are currently no effective specific antivirals or drug combinations supported by high-level evidence.read more
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Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations.
Jason Phua,Li Weng,Lowell Ling,Moritoki Egi,Chae Man Lim,Jigeeshu V Divatia,Babu Raja Shrestha,Yaseen M. Arabi,Jensen Ng,Charles D. Gomersall,Masaji Nishimura,Younsuck Koh,Bin Du +12 more
TL;DR: Streamlining of workflows for rapid diagnosis and isolation, clinical management, and infection prevention will matter not only to patients with COVID-19, but also to health-care workers and other patients who are at risk from nosocomial transmission.
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COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review.
Giuseppe Pascarella,Alessandro Strumia,Chiara Piliego,Federica Bruno,Romualdo Del Buono,Fabio Costa,Simone Scarlata,Felice Eugenio Agrò +7 more
TL;DR: An overview of the known clinical features and treatment options for COVID‐19 is provided and quarantine is the only intervention that appears to be effective in decreasing the contagion rate.
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Potential preanalytical and analytical vulnerabilities in the laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
TL;DR: Some practical indications can hence be identified for minimizing the risk of diagnostic errors, encompassing the improvement of diagnostic accuracy by combining clinical evidence with results of chest computed tomography and RT-PCR, and refinement of molecular target(s) and thorough compliance with analytical procedures, including quality assurance.
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False-negative results of initial RT-PCR assays for COVID-19: A systematic review.
Ingrid Arevalo-Rodriguez,Diana Buitrago-Garcia,Daniel Simancas-Racines,Paula Zambrano-Achig,Rosa del Campo,Agustín Ciapponi,Omar Sued,Laura Martínez-García,Anne W S Rutjes,Nicola Low,Patrick M.M. Bossuyt,José A. Pérez-Molina,Javier Zamora +12 more
TL;DR: The findings reinforce the need for repeated testing in patients with suspicion of SARS-Cov-2 infection given that up to 54% of COVID-19 patients may have an initial false-negative RT-PCR (very low certainty of evidence).
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The Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2: a Target for Vaccine Development.
TL;DR: It is shown that the viral nucleocapsid protein of SARS–CoV-2 contributes to forming helical ribonucleoproteins during the packaging of the RNA genome, regulating viral RNA synthesis during replication and transcription and modulating metabolism in infected subjects.
References
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Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
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